IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2017 - 5

500

Max
Vehicle
Kinetic
Energy

450
Battery Power (kW)

400

Max
Vehicle Battery
Potential Usable
Energy Energy

Increasing
Repetitions

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

1

10

Max Power
Regenerative Braking

100
Time (s)
Hill Climb Power
Fast dc Charging

1,000

10,000

High-Speed Power
Home Charging

Figure 2. A chart of example power requirements for a larger vehicle
with increased capability.

typical requirements for a small vehicle, which may have
medium- to high-acceleration performance but otherwise
has limited capability (no trailering, with a top speed of less
than 100  mi/h). The discharge power requirements can be
divided into three regions based on duration. Each region is
bounded according to the total energy available. At the left are
requirements driven by the performance expectations of the
vehicle, which might include repeated accelerations from rest
to top speed. Maximum energy depends on the mass and top
speed of the vehicle and is on the order of a few kWh. The
second region includes hill climbing, with power set by the
vehicle type and trailering capacity; the energy is bounded by
the length of large hills that result in durations in the range of
20 min and energies of about 15 kWh. For longer durations,
sustained high-power conditions tend to be high-speed
driving at speeds up to vehicle maximum. Here, the energy
is limited only by the total battery energy. Charging power
required due to regenerative braking and dc fast charging is
lower and does not dictate the size or rating of propulsion
electrical components.
As vehicles evolve to more demanding applications, including larger vehicles with more frontal area, higher top
speeds, trailering capability, and higher performance, propulsion systems will need to increase in both peak and sustained
power capability, as shown in Figure 2. The long-duration discharge power increases substantially, and the dc charging
requirements, based on expected future capability of up to
350 A, increase to the point where they will require changes to
the system to accommodate the increased power, potentially
increasing electrical component size. Higher dc charging voltage and power levels currently under study could increase the
(continued on page 73)



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2017

IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2017 - Cover1
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2017 - Cover2
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2017 - 1
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IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2017 - Cover3
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2021
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2018
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2017
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