IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2017 - 78

TEchNOLOGY LEaDErS

than round-wire machines when
considering a motor with similar
physical size. The wire costs more per
unit mass, there is more total mass of
wire, and the copper wire forming and
joining processes are more involved.
But when motors of similar efficiencies and power levels are compared,
the cost  disadvantage melts away.
And recently, the costs of rectangularwire motor manufacturing have been

dropping as more companies supply the material and processes to
build them.
The benefits of rectangular-wire
motor designs are tangible and clear,
and the drawbacks of rectangular-wire
technology have diminished. As EVs
come to the fore in full-sized cars,
offering full-sized performance with
extraordinary range, the need has
never been higher. Round-wire motors

Figure 10. The Chevrolet Bolt EV motor. (Photo courtesy of Michael Simari.)

(a)

(b)

are being relegated to lower performance, thrift-driven applications.
Rectangular-wire motor technology
has come into its own as the preferred
mainstream motor technology for
serious EVs.

Transportation Services
and the New Entrants
The operation cost advantage of an
EV relative to an internal combustion
engine (ICE) car is undeniable. For the
foreseeable future, driving an EV is
equivalent to paying approximately
US$1 per gallon for gasoline, and this
price is widely predicted to be steady
and stable for the next 30 years. At the
United States annual range of about
12,000 mi per year, it may take six or
seven years for consumers to break
even on the price of a contemporary
battery pack-not a very good reason
to invest in new EVs. On the other
hand, in a shared vehicle transportation service, that kind of mileage can
be met in one year-and suddenly an
EV is part of a great business.
Finally, new entrants, almost unanimously, see the EV as the opportunity
to create a new car company around
the lowered barriers to entry. They do
not need hugely expensive modern
ICEs, with their multispeed transmissions and emission systems. A few
OEMs seem to be able to identify the
real EV threats and opportunities. In
California alone, there are at least
three new entrants looking to emulate or surpass the experience of
Tesla. Lucid, NextEV, and Faraday
Future (Figure 11) all have indicated
plans to go to production with fullfeatured EVs in the near future. This
will add to the competitive response
promised in the luxury segments of
the Porsche, Audi, Mercedes, BMW,
and Jaguar. The future in Era 3 is
indeed quite interesting.

Biography
(c)
Figure 11. The new entrants: (a) the Lucid Air, (b) the Nio EP9, and (c) the Faraday Future FF 91.
[Photos (a) and (b) courtesy of Wikimedia Commons. Photo (c) courtesy of Faraday Future.]

78

I E E E E l e c t r i f i cati o n M agaz ine / march 2017

Peter Savagian (peter.savagian@ff.com)
is vice president of Global Propulsion
Systems at Faraday Future.



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2017

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