IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 12

generation, and increasing fueling capability. the challenges are no longer about whether hydrogen fueling is
possible, since the challenges are now typical of engineering product development.

Feasibility and Sustainability of
Large-Scale Renewable Hydrogen
about ten million metric tons of hydrogen-enough to
power approximately 45 million passenger cars, assuming
a fuel economy of 51 mi/kg and about 11,000 mi driven per
year-is produced annually in the United States, mostly
for industrial applications, including petroleum refining
and fertilizer production. While nearly all of this hydrogen
is produced through steam methane reforming, which is
currently the least-expensive production pathway, several
other methods exist for producing hydrogen from renewable energy sources. these include the following:
xx
water electrolysis based on renewable (or nuclear)
electricity
xx
high-temperature thermochemical hydrogen production that uses concentrated solar energy
xx
biomass-derived liquid reforming
xx
biomass gasification
xx
photoelectrochemical and biological hydrogen production (early-stage technologies).

Biomass
Pyrolysis

CO2 Storage

Electrolyzer
+ -

Recent Studies
nreL performed several studies recently to assess the
availability of renewable hydrogen supply in the United
States, the geographic correlation between hydrogen
supply and demand for mobility needs (mainly for passenger vehicle applications), and the sustainability of
renewable hydrogen. For a transportation-based success
in the United States, domestic, renewable hydrogen
needs to be available at a scale (e.g., six times current
hydrogen production levels) large enough to satisfy
mobility needs and industrial demand at a competitive
price. it concluded that ample domestic, low-carbon
energy resources are available in terms of the technical

Bioreactor

Hydrogen
Storage

Wind
Short-Term
Energy Storage
Other Renewables:
Solar, Geothermal,
Hydro

all of these renewable hydrogen production pathways,
with some graphically represented in Figure 3, can be
deployed in centralized or semicentralized plants-i.e.,
facilities that are located at the edge of urban areas to
limit distribution requirements. electrolysis can also be
deployed in a network of small-scale distributed refueling
stations to avoid the large capital investments required for
hydrogen transport and delivery infrastructure. producing
hydrogen through electrolysis also offers opportunities to
provide grid services and facilitate the integration of
renewable electricity generation sources.

Hydrogen
Fueling

Natural
Gas Storage

CNG Fueling

HydrogenFueled
Vehicles
CNG-Fueled
Vehicles

Fuel Cells
and
Engines

+ -

Fueling
Station
Electrolyzer

Home Heating
and Hot Water

Electric Line
Hydrogen Piping
CO2 Piping
Natural Gas Piping
Electric
Grid

Natural Gas
Turbine

Figure 3. The various renewable pathway scenarios for hydrogen production. CNG: compressed natural gas. (Image courtesy of NREL.)

12

I EEE E l e c t r i f i c a t i on M a gaz ine / March 2018



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018

Contents
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - Cover1
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - Cover2
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - Contents
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 2
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 3
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 4
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 5
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 6
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 7
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 8
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 9
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 10
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 11
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 12
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 13
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 14
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 15
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 16
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 17
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 18
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 19
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 20
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 21
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 22
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 23
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 24
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 25
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 26
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 27
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 28
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 29
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 30
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 31
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 32
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 33
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 34
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 35
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 36
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 37
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 38
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 39
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 40
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 41
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 42
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 43
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 44
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 45
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 46
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 47
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 48
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 49
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 50
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 51
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 52
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 53
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 54
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 55
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 56
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 57
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 58
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 59
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 60
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 61
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 62
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 63
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 64
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - Cover3
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2013
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com