IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 33
create a fc engine that will give vehicles a range of conventional cars,
while attaining environmental benefits comparable to those of batterypowered evs. the power conditioner
must have minimal losses leading to
higher efficiency. power conditioning
efficiencies can typically be higher
than 90%.
Statistical analysis
and Trends of Fc EVs in India
The technology of
FCs is extremely
advanced in the
European and
American market,
which has
subsequently
spurred a growth
in their sales.
the technology of fcs is extremely
advanced in the european and american market, which has subsequently
spurred a growth in their sales. in
comparison, the sales of fcs have
been sluggish in the indian market. the early 2010s saw
the development of prototype fc systems for transportation applications, and in the latter part of 2015, the
country started producing fcs for portable and transportation applications.
the production and sales of fc-based
evs is expected to reach a peak of
approximately 300,000 vehicles by
2020; the estimated world market,
especially for buses and cars, is shown
in figure 9.
india does not have sufficient
knowledge of the technology of fc evs
compared to western countries. it will
take some time to reduce the cost per
kilowatt for fc-based evs. in early 2004,
the cost was 9,000/kw for a fc system,
which has since decreased because of
advances and the availability of material to make the fc system and the availability of skilled labor for production. india's target plan, as
shown in figure 10, is to reduce the cost for a fc system
(peMfc) to 1,800/kw by 2020 and to 1,000/kw by 2030.
TablE 1. a comprehensive comparison of EVs.
Parameters
ICEs
BEVs
Hybrid EVs
FC Vehicles
Propulsion
ICE
Electric motor drives
Electric motor drives,
ICEs
Electric motor drives
Energy-storage
subsystems
Fossil or alternative
fuel
Battery/super capacitor
Fossil or alternative
fuel, battery/super
capacitor
Hydrogen tank, battery/super capacitor
Energy source
and infrastructure
Gasoline stations
Electrical-grid charging
facilities
Gasoline stations,
electrical grid charging
facilities
Hydrogen, hydrogen production, transportation infrastructure and facilities (for
plug-in hybrid EVs)
Efficiency
Converts 20% of
the energy stored in
gasoline to power the
vehicle
Converts 75% of the
energy stored in the
super capacitor to power
the vehicle
Converts 40% of
the energy stored in
gasoline and super
capacitors to power
the vehicle
Converts 50% of the energy
stored in hydrogen to power
the vehicle
Refueling time
Typically 5 min
Normally 5-7 h
Depends on the use
5 min
Speed (average
maximum speed)
124 mi/h
80 mi/h
110 mi/h
40-95 mi/h
Acceleration
average
0-55 mi/h in 8.5 s
0-50 mi/h in 6-7 h
0-60 mi/h in 6-7 s
0-60 mi/h in 4-6 s
Major issues
Sound and air pollution
Battery size and management, battery life,
charge facilities and
cost
Battery size and
management,
control, optimization
and management
of multiple energy
sources
FC cost, life cycle and reliability, hydrogen production,
infrastructure cost
Cost
9,50,450-
11,57,550
Technology
Obsolete technology
Fully available
Huge demand and
good technology available
Under development requires
significant technology to
reach customers
Ranges
24-703 mi
62-294 mi
150-600 mi
90-490 mi
13,62,500-17,70,750
12,94,000-
17,02,450
4,08,600-60,12,000
IEEE Electrific ation Magazine / ma r c h 201 8
33
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018
Contents
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - Cover1
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - Cover2
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - Contents
IEEE Electrification Magazine - March 2018 - 2
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