IEEE Electrification - September 2019 - 35

Our experience with
the initial tests
shows that there
is a significant
performance gain
in the waste
management process,
in terms of saving
both cost and time.

1) Material of interest is collected from
modified waste bins, which are
designed to ingest material that is
already sorted because of responsible social behavior (e.g., most
Swedes now habitually separate all
recyclable waste in their homes and
deposit it properly in corresponding bins). Figure 3 shows a modified design of the dumpsters.
2) Municipalities can set up buyback centers that offer a reward
for depositing clean and sorted
recyclable waste. In Sweden, the
deposit on bottles and cans is
called pant, which is the process
of putting bottles in supermarkets' buy-back vending machines to get money in
return (see Figure 4). Swedes deposit an average of
177 cans and bottles per person per year at dropoff stations.
3) Drop-off centers require the producer to carry the
recyclates to a designated location. This is the easiest
type of collection, but it may suffer from low and
unpredictable throughput. Recyclable materials are
collected by dedicated recycling trucks and transferred to an MRF.

Recyclable materials are separated
and sorted into different waste
streams. The process of separating
material often poses an additional
challenge. Many techniques have
been devised to separate and sort
recyclable waste. These include manual picking, mechanical separators
(see Figure 5), magnetic lifting, optical
scanners, water floatation, and air
suction/blowers. After recyclates are
separated and sorted, they are processed at an MRF. The process differs
according to the type of recyclate. One
of the most crucial problems is the
separation and recycling of electronic
waste (Figure 6), which, according to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is the
fastest-growing waste stream, accounting for 20-50 million tons of global waste per year.

Waste Transportation
The fleet of vehicles responsible for the transportation of
waste over a specific area includes tankers, trucks, lifters,
or other vehicles (see Figure 7). The types of wastes that
may be transported range from municipal garbage to hazardous materials. Different types of vehicles are used in

Particles
That Were
Too Large

Feed

Separa
ted Part
icles

Figure 3. The modified waste bins in Sweden. (Source: Simon Paulin/imagebank.sweden.se.)

Figure 5. Mechanical separation.

Figure 4. The pant machines at a Swedish supermarket. (Source:

Figure 6. Electronic waste: computer processors retrieved from the

Janerik Henriksson/TT Thelocal.se.)

waste stream. (Source: Wikipedia, Ondrˇej Martin Mach.)

	

IEEE Electrific ation Magazine / S EP T EM BE R 2 0 1 9

35



IEEE Electrification - September 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Electrification - September 2019

Contents
IEEE Electrification - September 2019 - Cover1
IEEE Electrification - September 2019 - Cover2
IEEE Electrification - September 2019 - Contents
IEEE Electrification - September 2019 - 2
IEEE Electrification - September 2019 - 3
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IEEE Electrification - September 2019 - Cover3
IEEE Electrification - September 2019 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_march2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_june2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_december2013
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/electrification_september2013
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com