The truck then changes to moving state. When it reaches the specified dumpster, its state shifts to processing. At the landfill, its state moves to emptying, after which it can return to the central depot. Simulation-Based Study To highlight the benefit of using an IoT-based solution, we developed two simulation scenarios: 1) waste collection and 2) waste recycling. In each scenario, we compared the Filled Dumpster Partially Filled Dumpster Emptied Dumpster The CDA Trucks Figure 18. The waste collection simulation. Distance (Km) Distance (Km) 60 50 40 30 20 0 Truck 1 Truck 2 Truck 3 Truck 4 Truck 5 Truck 6 Truck 7 Truck 8 Truck 9 Truck 10 Truck 11 Truck 12 Truck 13 Truck 14 Truck 15 Truck 16 10 Truck 1 Truck 2 Truck 3 Truck 4 Truck 5 Truck 6 Truck 7 Truck 8 Truck 9 Truck 10 Truck 11 Truck 12 Truck 13 Truck 14 Truck 15 Truck 16 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 (a) (b) 800 Total Distance (Km) Conventional Smart 600 400 200 0 (c) Figure 19. The distance traveled in (a) the conventional scenario and (b) the smart scenario. (c) The total of both. IEEE Electrific ation Magazine / S EP T EM BE R 2 0 1 9 41