C↔L L↔C C↔C L↔L Bridge Structure Switched Inductor Switched Cap Magnetic Coupler Switched Capacitor Switched Inductor C Bridge Structure L Magnetic Coupler Figure 8. The canonical cells for granular power conversion, including a bridge-structure cell, a switched-inductor cell, a switched-capacitor cell, and a magnetic-coupler cell. PV Panels Bridge Structure Switched Capacitor Magnetic Coupler Energy Storage Switched Capacitor Bridge Structure Frequency Support GPS Energy Buffer and Inertia Control Inverter Reactive Power Support Grid Harmonic Absorption Figure 9. A multifunctional grid-interface architecture with granular building blocks. Multiport Energy Router + Cell-1 VH HV - Energy Storage Utility Grid PV MIMO Converter ac Load LL CH CL NL NH + Cell-2 VH HV - (a) + Cell-5 VL LV - + Cell-6 VL LV - + Cell-3 VH HV - + Cell-4 VH HV - dc Load Fuel Cell LH Cell-12 + VL LV - (b) Controller Board LV1 LV2 HV1 LV5 HV2 HV3 LV7 LV8 LV6 HV4 LV3 LV4 15.5 cm (c) Figure 10. The (a) principle, (b) schematic, and (c) prototype of a multicell reconfigurable MIMO energy router. HV: high voltage; LV, low voltage. (Source: Chen et al., 2020.) IEEE Elec trific ation Magazine / S EP T EM BE R 2 0 2 0 13