IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015 - 78

figure 4. Power Hub helps the Faroe Islands reach 30% wind power in its isolated grid. (Courtesy of Dong Energy.)

shifting can be done either to optimize costs or to optimize
the integration of renewables.
Power hub is able to transform the flexibility inherent
in a portfolio of units with stochastic behavior, e.g., wind
turbines and some industrial consumption units, into reliable services while still fulfilling the primary purpose of the
units. The demonstration project showed that wind energy is
not only a challenge to the future energy system but also an
integral part of the solution. Power hub showed how modern
wind turbines can be used to deliver ancillary services and
how wind turbines and batteries can work together.
The project has also shown how a VPP is able to combine
a portfolio of production and consumption units and how
several units can be bundled to deliver a service. another
key feature of VPP technology that has been demonstrated is
how Power hub is able to optimize across different markets
and decide whether the flexibility it controls will generate
the most value today or tomorrow.
Power hub has proven that VPP technology can deliver a
wide range of services needed in the future low-carbon power
system, something that is not only relevant in denmark but
that could be replicated in many countries across europe.
Power hub has shown that it is economically attractive to
build VPPs; at the same time, however, it was challenging
to scale up the VPP on commercial terms in denmark given
the danish regulatory regime and market design.

Demo 3: Technical Specifications
of Offshore HVdc Networks
Over the next ten years and beyond, large amounts of wind
power throughout europe, generated by wind farms far out to
sea, will probably require regional approaches based on one or
several multiterminal dc networks (possibly meshed) instead
of point-to-point connections. This will not only bring wind
power onshore at the right place but also help smooth out any
variations while offering new interconnection capacities to the
78

ieee power & energy magazine

electricity market and ancillary services, thus compensating
for decommissioned conventional generation.
To tackle the complex task of designing, developing,
and operating new transnational offshore dc grids based
on existing and future technologies, the third TwenTies
demonstration project examined the economic drivers and
technical feasibility of such grids. The results were provided
for different time scales:
✔✔ short-term technical feasibility analysis (before 2020)
✔✔ medium-term technical feasibility analysis (2020-2030)
✔✔ long-term economic analysis (2030 and beyond).
for the long-term analysis, a global cost-benefit analysis
was performed for the north sea region to compare different dc connection layouts for offshore wind farms (including
multiterminal dc networks) with different generation merit
orders (e.g., coal cheaper than gas and vice versa). in addition to illustrating the adequacy of the methodology for this
purpose, the study provided an assessment of various possible benefits: total cost of investment (offshore generation
and offshore connection), reduction of wind spillage, and
CO2 reduction.
The study has shown that the assumptions and criteria
used have a significant impact on the conclusions; a sensitivity analysis was therefore carried out to reveal the major
parameters and economic drivers for offshore dc grids.
The medium-term analysis led to the conception of two
demonstrations:
✔✔ a high-voltage (120-kV dc) dc circuit breaker (dCCb)
prototype was developed by alstom grid. The breaking capability was tested successfully and witnessed
by an independent observer during a live demonstration: the peak fault current reached more than 5 ka
before the action of the dCCb had it reach zero a few
milliseconds later.
✔✔ The design and development of a low-scale, five-terminal
dc grid mock-up to validate the control algorithms of a
january/february 2015



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015

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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2015 - Cover3
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