IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 113

tial (primarily lighting) loads were the first to be changed to
reduce the expense of industrial motor replacement. A system of banked ac distribution transformers was in place and
maintained as the most practical means for ac distribution in
Brooklyn at that time.
The most spectacular of the new developments was the
Hudson Avenue generating station located a block from
the Gold Street station (see Figure 9). Opened in 1924, the
station was one of the largest undertaken by Murray and
his engineering firm. It took the record as the world's most
powerful steam operated station at 770 MW upon installation of the last unit in 1932. By the 1950s it had one of the
best heat rates of all the stations in the Con Ed system.
Less noted but of equal importance was the adoption of a
new 27,600-V, 60-Hz transmission system. Electrical World
noted four primary reasons for the selection of that voltage. The average transmission distance to the distribution
transformers was 5 mi (8 km), hence the higher voltage was
more economical. The doubled voltage allowed reduction
of cables with the result that less land was required for duct
easements. Doubling the voltage from the alternator output
of 13,800 V (then considered the highest practical voltage)
permitted the use of simple auto-transformers. Furthermore,
extensive studies indicated that existing 22-kV cable could
be uprated to 27.6 kV by the use of petroleum-filled splice
joints. New distribution transformer stations were constructed in Flatbush and southern Brooklyn.
By the 1920s, the completion of new subway lines from
midtown Manhattan produced phenomenal growth in residential development in southern Brooklyn with a consequent new
electrical load. Additional capacity was also required as dc

JOIN, CONNECT,
LEARN, AND GROW
VISIT US TODAY AT

figure 9. The Brooklyn Edison Company Hudson Avenue
station during construction, circa 1923. Opened in 1924,
the station set the then record for capacity in a single steam
operated station at 770 MW in 1932 (from Electrical World,
3 May 1924, p. 867).

CIMUG.UCAIUG.ORG
Register for our
Utility University Course
at DistribuTECH



http://CIMUG.UCAIUG.ORG

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 5
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 6
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 7
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 8
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 9
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 10
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 11
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 12
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 13
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 14
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 15
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 16
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 17
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 18
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 19
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 20
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 21
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 22
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 23
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 24
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 25
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 26
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 27
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 28
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 29
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 30
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 31
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 32
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 33
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 34
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 35
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 36
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 37
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 38
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 39
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 40
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 41
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 42
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 43
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 44
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 45
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 46
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 47
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 48
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 49
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 50
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 51
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 52
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 53
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 54
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 55
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 56
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 57
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 58
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 59
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 60
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 61
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 62
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 63
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 64
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 65
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 66
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 67
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 68
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 69
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 70
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 71
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 72
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 73
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 74
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 75
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 76
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 77
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 78
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 79
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 80
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 81
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 82
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 83
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 84
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 85
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 86
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 87
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 88
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 89
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 90
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 91
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 92
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 93
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 94
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 95
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 96
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 97
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 98
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 99
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 100
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 101
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 102
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 103
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 104
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 105
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 106
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 107
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 108
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 109
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 110
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 111
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 112
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 113
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 114
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 115
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 116
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 117
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 118
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 119
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 120
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 121
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 122
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 123
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 124
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 125
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 126
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 127
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - 128
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2016 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070820
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050620
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030420
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010220
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070819
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050619
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030419
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070818
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050618
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030418
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070817
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050617
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030417
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070816
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050616
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030416
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070815
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050615
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030415
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111214
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070814
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050614
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030414
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010214
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com