IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2020 - 75

locations. For example, we can envision automated data cali-
bration modules for a grid's structurally independent measure-
ments, such as load demand measurements from smart meters.
Power system measurement data are generally modeled as non-
stationary stochastic processes. To assess measurement quality,
regression models are developed for measurement time-series
data and used to predict future sensor values with the help
of time-series forecasting methods such as linear autoregres-
sive integrated moving average and nonlinear multilayer per-
ceptron. The predicted sensor measurements are then used to
detect/identify an anomaly using a prespecified threshold for
the actual and forecasted measurements.
It is equally critical to ensure consistency within different
sets of data flowing in the ADMS and identify any cyberac-
tivity or faulty sensor measurements. An ADMS integrates
multiple data sources from disparate subsystems with varied
ownership, providing numerous possibilities for attack and
data manipulation. This requires data-centric components
to also ensure consistency of the measurement data over
a known physical system model. One possible approach
is to fit the measurement data to the operational model of
the distribution system identified by network topology and
system states. This is achieved by developing physics-based,
learning-based, or hybrid models using different data sources
individually, which dictate the relationship between sys-
tem states (input) and measurement (output) variables. The
input-output relationship is used to estimate system states
from measurements. Note that the measurement sets are
consistent if the resulting distribution system states obtained
using individual data sources are close. Further directions
include designing a decision-support system to identify the
possibility of data inconsistency among data sources and
also a minimum set of measurement sensors, which need to
be verified to ensure data consistency. These algorithms will
become more relevant as the ADMS evolves and new mea-
surement and control sensors are deployed.

Summary
Rapidly evolving electric power distribution systems call
for advanced methods to control and coordinate their opera-
tion for improved operational efficiency and resilience. An
ADMS provides the required data- and control-rich environ-
ment to develop and implement advanced applications for
managing electric power distribution systems. Driven by
evolving needs for distribution system operations, ADMS
applications have developed over time, with several cur-
rently being adopted by industry.
To help readers better understand ADMS applications and
their evolution, this article presented an overview where we
categorize ADMS applications in three stages, from those in
a demonstration or early deployment stage to early research
concepts. Network-level optimization and resilient restoration,
two applications with the potential to be adopted by industry in
the near term, were discussed. Finally, recognizing the opera-
tional complexity of future distribution systems, we discussed
january/february 2020

three R&D areas that are likely to facilitate future and long-
term ADMS applications, i.e., control architectures, intelli-
gent-based decision making, and data quality and consistency.
ADMS applications will continue growing to meet the
control and operational requirements of active distribution
systems that are becoming increasingly complex and sto-
chastic. This is creating, and will continue to create, a rich
environment for exciting future research opportunities.

For Further Reading
R. Singh, R. Uluski, J. T. Reilly, S. Martino, X. Lu, and J.
Wang, "Advanced distribution management systems for grid
modernization: DMS industry survey," Argonne Nat. Lab.,
Lemont, IL, Rep. ANL/ESD-17/11, 2017.
L. Gutierrez-Lagos, M. Z. Liu, and L. F. Ochoa, "Imple-
mentable three-phase OPF formulations for MV-LV distribu-
tion networks: MILP and MIQCP," in Proc. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT) Conf. Latin America,
2019, pp. 1-6. doi: 10.1109/ISGT-LA.2019.8895008.
A. R. Ahmadi, M. Gordon, M. White, A. Minton, S.
Georgiopoulos, and D. Stamatiadis, "Enhanced transmis-
sion and distribution system coordination and control utilis-
ing distribution network capacity and avoiding conflicts of
service offered to transmission system operator," in Proc.
25th Int. Conf. Electricity Distribution, 2019, pp. 1-5.
M. Z. Liu, and L. F. Ochoa, "Hardware-in-the-loop dem-
onstration of advanced control schemes for active distribu-
tion networks," in Proc. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid
Technologies (ISGT) Conf. Latin America, 2019, pp. 1-6. doi:
10.1109/ISGT-LA.2019.8895493.
K. Christakou, M. Pignati, R. Rudnik, S. Sarri, J. L.
Boudec, and M. Paolone, "Hardware-in-the-loop validation
of the grid explicit congestion notification mechanism for
primary voltage control in active distribution networks," in
Proc. Power Systems Computation Conf. (PSCC), 2016, pp.
1-7. doi: 10.1109/PSCC.2016.7540876.
R. R. Jha, A. Dubey, C. Liu, and K. P. Schneider, "Bi-
level volt-VAR optimization to coordinate smart inverters
with voltage control devices," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol.
34, no. 3, pp. 1801-1813, 2019.
S. Poudel and A. Dubey, "Critical load restoration using dis-
tributed energy resources for resilient power distribution sys-
tem," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 52-63, 2019.
N. Yu, S. Shah, R. Johnson, R. Sherick, M. Hong, and K.
Loparo, "Big data analytics in power distribution systems,"
in Proc. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies
(ISGT) Conf., 2015. doi: 10.1109/ISGT.2015.7131868.

Biographies
Anamika Dubey is with Washington State University, Pullman.
Anjan Bose is with Washington State University, Pullman.
Michael Liu is with the University of Melbourne, Australia.
Luis (Nando) Ochoa is with the University of Melbourne,
Australia, and the University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
p&e
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - January/February 2020

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