IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - 18
guest editorial
Nouredine Hadjsaid, Jean-Claude Sabonnadiere,
Patrick Van Hove, and Sebastien Henry
European electric system
driving its modernization
T
The european power sysTem
is facing tremendous changes and challenges to improve its sustainability and
the security of supply and to implement the integration of the internal
eu-28 energy market and its liberalization. aging assets with the need for
decommissioning and upgrading the
entire electrical power infrastructure
(generation, transmission, and distribution) is also a considerable concern
in the european energy landscape.
Indeed, secure, sustainable, available,
and affordable energy is fundamental
to modern societies and to the wellbeing of citizens as well as for industry
competitiveness.
an important driver for changes was
the 2009 adoption of the "climate and
energy package" with ambitious and binding energy targets for 2020. These targets
include a binding reduction of Co2 emissions by 20% compared to 1990 levels, a
binding increase of the share of renewable
energy in the energy mix to 20%, and an
aim to increase energy efficiency by 20%.
The 20% renewable target for the whole
energy sector will likely require up to
35% renewable energies for the electricity sector. The adoption of these targets by
all european union (eu) member states
gives a clear signal for the evolution of
the generation, transmission, and distribution of energy, defining a way forward
for a transition to a more carbon-efficient
(and even free) society. These have been
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2013.2294511
Date of publication: 19 February 2014
18
ieee power & energy magazine
complemented by aims to further drastic evolution to a low-carbon economy
expressed in the eu energy roadmap
2050, published in 2011. For the electricity sector, all involved stakeholders
are impacted and have undergone significant changes in their specific area to
accommodate the agreed targets. strong
regulation incentives were issued by eu
member states to encourage heavy investments in low carbon technologies, which
in turn implied significant technical innovations as seen by key enablers to meet
the sustainability targets.
These policies have a particularly
important impact on the european electrical system, which is one of the largest
and most complex man-made systems.
The speed of the required changes is very
challenging as power systems are used to
evolve in well-defined and "mastered"
transitions as any failure can have a catastrophic impact on the whole society.
The european power system serves
more than 500 million people distributed
over a large territory, with an annual consumption of over 3,000 Twh. The corresponding generation portfolio is still
composed primarily of traditional plants
using hydroelectric (mainly in alpine
and scandinavian countries), nuclear, and
fossil energies. The renewable energies
are undergoing a steep development with
a significant share/penetration of wind
energy historically in Denmark, Germany, and spain and more recently in the
united Kingdom, France, Italy, portugal,
and Ireland. Total installed wind power in
europe was 106 Gw at the end 2012 (of
which about 5 Gw offshore). For solar
photovoltaic (pV) energy, the installed
capacity in the eu at the end of 2012 was
close to 70 Gw (representing about 68%
of the world's installed pV capacity).
on the other hand, the renewal of
overall eu generation assets is expected
to require the replacement and expansion
of 900 Gw by 2030 (the retirement of
about 300 Gw and an additional capacity of about 600 Gw) while the energy
consumption is expected to increase
with an average of 1.5-2% per year and
reach about 4,000 Twh by 2030, but
this strongly depends on, for example,
the future electrification of heating and
transport application, the evolution of fuel
prices, and energy efficiency policies. The
transmission and distribution infrastructure investments, for renewal and expansion including the accommodation of
renewable energy sources and distributed
generation, are foreseen to represent several hundreds of billions of euros by 2030.
The current high-voltage transmission
grid is made of approximately 300,000 km
of overhead lines and cables. It has historically been developed on a national
basis with a limited number of interconnections at the boundaries of neighboring countries initially built for security
support with small energy exchanges,
and not to support the open market. The
recent opening and expansion of crossborder markets has drastically modified
this situation, leading to a fast and continuous increase in cross-border exchanges
and emphasizing the need for a new
infrastructure enabling a better european
march/april 2014
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - Cover2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - Cover3
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