IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - 56
The system operators will have to coordinate more
on a day-to-day basis to keep the electricity system reliable
at affordable costs.
✔ energy management in this sense refers to energy
arbitrage, i.e., the decoupling of electricity generation
from its instantaneous consumption, a capacity delivered by electricity storage facilities.
✔ system services help provide the support that storage
can offer in terms of quality of service and security of
supply in the electric power system.
✔ Finally, for certain special and well-defined applications that cannot be provided by the market, storage
devices can be installed as a grid asset that primarily supports the core operational tasks of the grid
operator.
situated within the lV and MV grids or on the customer
side of the network, current small-scale storage technologies
can provide a large range of functions and capacities to support and optimize the operation of the distribution system.
Today, however, there are very few indications and rules that
can help guide the integration of decentralized storage into
the distribution grid. This creates uncertainty among dsos
and storage providers regarding the necessary agreements
between actors as well as storage connection and access
rights. For more information, see the July 2012 eurelecTric report Decentralized Storage: Impact on Future Distribution Grids.
Electric Vehicles
decarbonization of the transport sector-and particularly,
the mass deployment of electric vehicles-will be one of the
most important challenges for the decades to come. onefourth of european carbon dioxide emissions are related to
the transport sector, of which 60% is related to passenger
transport. consequently, the deployment of electric vehicles will have a very important impact on european energy
objectives for 2020 and beyond.
Widespread e-mobility will dramatically change consumption patterns at the same time that vast amounts of
renewable ders will be integrated into the distribution
networks. As stated in the April 2012 edso position paper
on electric vehicle charging infrastructure, to enable costefficient local load management, help the deployment of
charging spots, and guarantee open access and support standardization, it is of great importance that this infrastructure
be, like any other form of electricity demand, an integral
part of the dsos' network management systems-that is to
say, an integral part of the future intelligent network.
in the initial phase, electric vehicles will typically be
charged at home, where it is already possible to choose among
56
ieee power & energy magazine
several electricity suppliers. in the long term, public charging
should also offer the possibility of choosing among suppliers.
since the price of the electricity needed to charge an electric
vehicle will only make up a minor part of the total cost of
the charging service and since immense investments will be
needed to enable a choice of suppliers, the first step should be
to enable public charging without focusing on this possibility.
There is a so-called chicken-and-egg dilemma involved
with public charging: without charging stations there are no
electric vehicles, and without electric vehicles there is no
business case for private investors to invest in public charging stations. To 1) not add further hurdles, 2) enable costefficient local load management, 3) help the deployment of
charging spots, and 4) guarantee open access and support
standardization, the dsos as regulated companies should be
allowed to own and manage private charging stations and
infrastructure as an extension of their regulated role.
When rolling out the european electric vehicle infrastructure, interoperability is key, allowing all electric vehicles to be charged and to communicate with the electricity
grid anywhere in the eu. A common european standard on
a single, common plug for public and private charging stations creates a very good basis for such a result. For safety
reasons, so-called mode 3 charging as defined in accordance
with the iec 61851 standards will be necessary.
Finally, to make the charging infrastructure an integral part of the future intelligent network, a standardized
communication protocol that lets data flow throughout the
charging infrastructure, electric vehicles, and the electricity
distribution grid is crucial.
How Smart Is a Given Network?
smart grid solutions will only be considered as alternatives
to conventional network reinforcement if investors can compare such investments on a cost-benefit basis. yet such comparisons remain challenging for two reasons. The first is the
rapidly developing and largely untested nature of "smart"
solutions. The second is the difficulty of comparing two
inherently different types of investment, both of which aim
to achieve the same purpose: reinforcing distribution networks so as to increase capacity and improve power quality,
supply security, and efficiency.
built on intensive collaboration between european dsos
and the ec's Joint research center (Jrc), a new evaluation
method was developed in 2012. it was based on an existing
methodology developed by the electric Power research institute (ePri) and was adapted for the smart grid work underway
march/april 2014
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - Cover1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2014 - Cover3
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