IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 75
Plant Factor for Each Solar PV Power Plant
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
(a)
December 2012
December 2013
(b)
014
September 2014
014
August 2014
014
July 2014
014
June 2014
014
May 2014
014
April 2014
014
March 2014
014
February 2014
014
January 2014
013
December 2013
013
November 2013
013
October 2013
013
September 2013
013
August 2013
013
July 2013
013
June 2013
013
May 2013
013
April 2013
013
March 2013
February 2013
013
Monthly Plant Factor
January 2013
013
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
December 2012
012
Plant Factor
Sa
lva
do
Ta
m
bo
R
ea
l
SD
rR
G
TS
x0
-E
1
sp
Li
er
an
an
o
za
de
Ll
am
po
Sa
s
n
An
dr
Sa
es
nt
a
D
C
ie
ec
go
ilia
de
Al
m
ag
PS
ro
PS
F
Lo
F
m
La
as
m
Po
a
C
zo
ol
or
Al
a
m
da
on
Po
s
te
zo
So
Al
la
m
r2
on
te
So
la
Lo
r3
s
Pu
So
qu
la
io
rE
s
lA
gu
ila
1
0.00
September 2014
figure 5. (a) The plant factor of existing solar power plants and (b) the monthly plant factor, December 2012-September
2014 (source: CDEC-SIC).
solar energy plants located in the Atacama Desert with a
total installed capacity of 200 GW. To accomplish this,
6,000 km2 or 15 locations measuring 400 km2 each would
be required. This represents less than 1% of the Chilean
continental surface and not quite 5% of the available space
in the Atacama Desert.
The technical challenges facing such a large deployment
of PVs in Chile include the variability of PV electricity supply as it relates to the need for firm and continuous supply
to mining facilities, as well as concerns about grid stability.
The first issue can be addressed using combinations of PVs
and concentrated solar power (CSP) with thermal storage,
PV and wind generation, PV and pumped hydro storage,
hybrid PV-diesel plants, and the use of small hydro generators as reserve capacity, along with controllable loads (mining pumping systems, desalination plants, pump storage, and
so on). In addition, demand response can concentrate energy
requirements during sunny hours. In a country with a longitudinal grid topology, concerns about grid stability can be
addressed by the PV industry and "grid-friendly" utilityscale PV plants employing power plant controllers, dynamic
march/april 2015
* Socioenvironmental
Development
Access to Water
*
* Local Industry/
Products
* Heat Production
(MW, MWh)
*
Green Chemistry
Based On Solar
Energy
* Electricity
Production
(MW, MWh)
figure 6. Multidimensional challenges for solar energy
development in Chile.
voltage power management, frequency droop control, and
fault ride-through capacity.
Figure 8 illustrates two generation expansion scenarios
for the Chilean interconnected power systems. If assumptions
about future investment costs for generation technologies are
ieee power & energy magazine
75
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 5
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 6
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 7
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 8
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 9
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 10
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 11
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 12
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 13
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 14
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 15
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 16
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 17
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 18
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 19
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 20
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 21
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 22
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 23
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 24
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 25
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 26
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 27
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 28
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 29
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 30
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 31
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 32
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 33
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 34
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 35
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 36
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 37
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 38
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 39
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 40
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 41
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 42
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 43
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 44
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 45
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 46
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 47
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 48
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 49
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 50
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 51
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 52
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 53
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 54
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 55
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 56
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 57
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 58
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 59
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 60
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 61
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 62
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 63
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 64
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 65
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 66
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 67
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 68
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 69
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 70
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 71
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 72
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 73
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 74
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 75
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 76
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 77
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 78
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 79
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 80
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 81
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 82
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 83
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 84
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 85
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 86
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 87
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 88
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 89
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 90
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 91
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 92
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 93
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 94
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 95
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - 96
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2015 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070820
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050620
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030420
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010220
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070819
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050619
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030419
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070818
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050618
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030418
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070817
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050617
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030417
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070816
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050616
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030416
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070815
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050615
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030415
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111214
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070814
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050614
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030414
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010214
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com