IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2018 - 45

the sgos in the Fujian power grid has reduced coal consumption by 1% and energy losses by 360 million kwh.
water energy utilization increased by 140 million kwh, on
average, each year. another example is that the application
of the sgos in the Jiangsu power grid, which reduced coal
consumption by 1.9% and carbon dioxide emissions by 3.926
million tons, on average, each year. in the north and the northwest of China, there are seven wind power locations with an
installed generation capacity of more than 10 gw each. due
to the sgos, a hierarchical dispatch and control strategy is
implemented to coordinate the wind farms with the power
grid. an automatic control at the wind farm ensures that its
performance is grid friendly. The annual power generation of
wind and photovoltaic power in China reached 260 gwh in
2016, which is more than the annual power generation of the
Three gorge hydropower station, the biggest hydropower station in the world. due to application of the sgos, the utilization of large-scale renewable energy improved.

Providing Capabilities to Withstand
Major Disasters and Cyberattacks
based on the sgos, a distributed backup control center
architecture has been established, which includes national,
regional, provincial, district, and county control centers. The
backup functions include five levels: data, systems, business,
places, and personnel. These enhanced the capability of control centers to resist major natural disasters, major accidents,
and damage from external attacks. The sgos also improved
the cybersecurity defense architecture in five aspects:
infrastructure, architecture, communication, emergency response, and management. The system had monitored and
blocked all internet attacks; the average number was 6,300
times per day in 2016.

Forming a Series of Technical Standards
based on the sgos, a series of technical standards in China
were implemented, which includes ten standards for interface
and ten standards for specification. These standards could be
used for guiding and standardizing the system design, research
and development, and testing and construction of the sgos.
Two standards accepted and published by ieC in 2016: ieC
Ts 61970-555-2016, the CiM-based efficient model exchange
format, and ieC Ts 61970-556-2016, the CiM-based graphic
exchange format.

Further Research and Development
The sgos has realized the target of horizontal integration
and vertical penetration. specialized departments in a control center have been able to share eMs functions and data,
and, at the same time, control centers at different levels have
been able to coordinate analyses and decision making. as a
whole, temporal and spatial coordination of the power grid in
China has been realized to some extent. This sgos is open
to any eMs vendors that want to embed their application soft-

march/april 2018

ware into the its support platform. support platforms are unified
for all control centers in China, and the application is open to
all eMs vendors. due to the complexity of controlling future
smart grid operations, the basic architecture and decision-making mechanism of the eMs should be changed from centralized
to distributed control autonomy with centralized coordination
of control execution. Centralized coordination should be done
to achieve synergy among diverse power resources and load
demands. a family of eMss needs to be developed. although
the sgos has made major technological breakthroughs, it
should still be regularly improved due to the continuous development of power grids, power markets, and renewable and iT
technology. Much more research and development has to be
done in the future, especially in dedicated control cloud, dedicated real-time internet of Things, distributed real-time big data,
and global grid operations.

For Further Reading
b. Zhang, h. sun, and w. wu, "a new generation of eMs
implemented in Chinese electric power control centers,"
in Proc. IEEE PES General Meeting, pittsburgh, pa, July
2008, pp. 1-3.
h. sun, b. Zhang, w. wu, and Q. guo, "Family of energy
management system for smart grid," in Proc. 3rd IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe, berlin, germany, oct. 2012, pp. 1-5.
J. wang and h. Zhou, "Conceptual design and the future development for operation smart system in China southern power grid," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 3, pp.
1621-1629, 2013.
a. p. steven, J. britton, and T. lefebvre, (2008). eMs architectures of the 21st century. Cigre wg d2.24. [online].
available: http://slideplayer.com/slide/3425549/
Y. Xin, J. shi, and J. Zhou, "Technology development
trends of smart grid dispatching and control systems," Autom. Electr. Power Syst., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 2-8, 2015.
J. Yao, s. Yang, and M. shan, "reflections on operation
supporting system architecture for future interconnected
power grid," Autom. Electr. Power Syst., vol. 37, no. 21, pp.
52-59, 2013.
Y. Xin, "research on international standard architecture
for smart grid dispatching and control technology," Power
Syst. Technol., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2015.

Biographies
Yaozhong Xin (retired) was with the national Control Center beijing, China.
Boming Zhang is with Tsinghua University, beijing, China.
Mingyu Zhai is with nari Technology, nanjing, China.
Qiang Li is with China electric power research institute, beijing, China.
Huafeng Zhou is with the China southern power grid
Control Center, guangzhou, China.
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ieee power & energy magazine

http://www.slideplayer.com/slide/3425549/

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