IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2018 - 88
figure 2. The St. Lawrence-Franklin D. Roosevelt Power Dam. (Used with
permission from NYPA.)
lamps, for which the town established
the nation's first public power company. other towns followed suit, and by
1890, the United states had some 150
municipally owned electric companies
and 800 a decade later.
Nonetheless, the country's 2,200
private utilities-and the holding companies with which Morgan and his associates controlled them-dominated
the landscape. In effect, Morgan built a
corporate fortress called General electric
(Ge), after stripping "edison" from the
company's name, aimed at eliminating or
co-opting smaller private utilities as well
as the 60-120 new public plants built
each year with operating costs about half
of private utility costs. so wherever Ge
(which Morgan then incorporated into his
consolidated Gas and electric to become
today's Ge company) chose to operate,
it used its political connections to block
new municipal power plants, with production costs, including bribes, that still
amounted to lower than half competitors'
operating costs.
the IoUs routinely inflated the
production costs they passed along to
customers and, by 1905, J.P. Morgan's
utilities had accumulated capital assets
exceeding Us$80 million, even as Ge
spent most of its capital buying out competitors around New York city. among
the largest customers was the city itself,
lighting the streets at whatever price
consolidated Gas dictated. the law required that the price be fixed by public
bidding for the contract but, with no
competitors, the point was moot.
Popular outrage produced the first
state investigation into utility and insurance pricing under the stevens commission, led by legal counsel charles
evans hughes. from the start in 1905,
hughes's diligence and meticulous questioning of witnesses set a new standard
for state commissions, and his fairmindedness even earned the grudging
respect of Morgan's clique, who saw
him as a republican turncoat.
Just as the stevens commission went
to work, the fierce power wars heated up
nationally. by then Morgan and a handful of other investors controlled some
2,500 private power companies. rudolph
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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - March/April 2018
Contents
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