IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2015 - 52

nuclear station shown in Figure 6 also declared an emergency.
Although its seawall reached 14.8 m above sea level, subsidence lowered it by 1 m but it prevented most tsunami waters
reaching the facility. Still, some flooding occurred in the Unit
2 reactor auxiliary building, and additional damage occurred
to noncritical components. As Figure 6 shows, a few months
after the event, the height of the seawall was raised.
Additionally, about 7.4 GW of nuclear generation capacity was lost in the same area at stations with no or slight
damage; however, loss of generation capacity had limited
immediate post-GEJE effects due to the significant counterbalancing loss of tsunami damaged load. Electricity consumption was reduced during the summer of 2011 to about
55 GW in the TEPCo area and to 14 GW in ToPo territory.
According to the Technical Council's GEJE report, immediately after the earthquake, 4.66 million homes in the ToPo
and 4.05 million TEPCO homes experienced a power outage
due to protection devices tripping and system imbalances.
Since shaking in most of the urbanized areas was at most of
moderate intensity, widespread collapse of homes and buildings did not occur, and few distribution poles were toppled.
As Figure 7 exemplifies, damage to power distribution cables
and poles inland was minor to nonexistent, creating quite a

different restoration challenge than post-storm conditions.
Nonetheless, the tsunami caused a longer-lasting effect on
coastal ToPo-served areas by damaging almost 24,000 distribution poles, 42 lattice transmission towers, plus over 7,000
pole-mounted distribution transformers and switches, and
forced 70 damaged 154/500 kV transformers out of service, 43
damaged by shaking and 23 by the tsunami. Since Japan has
few buried power lines, there was little liquefaction damage.
Except in the area affected by the tsunami, power restoration was fast. ToPo achieved 90% restoration in six days and
95% restoration in ten days, whereas TEPCO achieved 90%
restoration in four days and 95% restoration in seven days.
Note that most of the remaining "unserved" load had actually
disappeared because of tsunami damage, as exemplified by
Figure 8. Restoration activities included the installation of
new lines, such as the one shown in Figure 5, and by the use
of mobile transformers.

Roppongi Hills
Project Description
Roppongi Hills is a high-rise complex including offices, recreational and entertainment facilities, as well as multifamily

Cold Water

Heat Supply Pipe

Trench

6.6-kV Distribution Cable

Steam

Chimney

Electricity

Steam
Exhaust Gas Header

City Gas
Distribution
Facility

Exhaust
Heat Boiler
Water
Generator

Generator Gas Turbine
6,360 kW × 6
Receiving Facility

PressureReducing
Valve

Steam

Cooling Tower

Steam Boiler
City
Gas

Steam Header

Water

Steam Turbine
500 kW × 1

Backup Power
(Tokyo Electric Power Company)

Steam Absorption
Chiller

1.77-MPa Steam
0.78-MPa Steam

figure 10. The Roppongi Hills energy system schematic. (Source: Tokyo Gas.)
52

ieee power & energy magazine

may/june 2015



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2015

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2015 - Cover1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2015 - Cover3
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