IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 32

By Neil Kirby

H

HigH-power electronics Have been
employed in transmission and distribution systems for many years, using thyristor-based currentsource converters. this approach has seen approximately 200 high-voltage dc (Hvdc) systems and
more than 1,000 static var compensation systems
installed worldwide. the introduction of voltagesource converters (vscs) across the transmission and distribution voltage range has stimulated
significant interest in exploring many previously
inaccessible applications. ac network planners
have been striving to maintain the stability of ac
networks with an increasing load and an evolving
generation mix, seeking to more effectively integrate renewable energy at increasingly high power
levels. some significant trends may be identified in
the broader dc industry, with each trend having its
own timeline and drivers, including the following:
✔ an increasing preference for vscs instead
of the traditional line-commutated converters (llcs), increasing digitalization in
Hvdc systems
✔ the long-term goal in some regions to create dc grids
✔ the nearer-term increasing interest in the
use of medium-voltage dc (Mvdc), which
includes microgrids.

VSC Technology Dominating
New Projects
vscs are rapidly becoming the technology of choice in
some areas of the world, especially in europe, and for Hvdc
transmission projects with power ratings at or below approximately 1,400 Mw. the most common vsc in use presently is

the half-bridge modular multilevel converter (MMc), as seen
in Figure 1, arranged in the form of a symmetrical monopole circuit, as seen in Figure 2. as, in the coming years, the
current rating of vscs continues to evolve and increase with
existing and future semiconductors, it is anticipated that the
preference for vscs will continue to increase as well.

Current Trends
in dc

Voltage-Source Converters

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2019.2897406
Date of publication: 17 April 2019

32

ieee power & energy magazine

1540-7977/19©2019IEEE

may/june 2019



IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 5
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 6
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 7
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 8
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 9
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 10
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 11
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 12
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 13
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 14
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 15
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 16
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 17
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 18
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 19
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 20
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 21
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 22
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 23
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 24
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 25
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 26
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 27
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 28
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 29
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 30
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 31
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 32
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 33
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 34
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 35
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 36
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 37
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 38
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 39
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 40
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 41
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 42
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 43
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 44
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 45
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 46
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 47
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 48
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 49
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 50
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 51
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 52
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 53
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 54
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 55
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 56
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 57
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 58
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 59
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 60
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 61
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 62
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 63
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 64
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 65
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 66
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 67
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 68
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 69
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 70
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 71
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 72
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 73
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 74
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 75
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 76
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 77
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 78
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 79
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 80
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 81
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 82
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 83
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 84
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 85
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 86
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 87
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 88
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 89
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 90
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 91
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 92
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 93
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 94
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 95
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 96
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 97
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 98
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 99
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 100
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 101
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 102
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 103
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 104
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 105
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 106
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 107
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 108
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 109
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 110
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 111
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 112
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 113
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 114
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 115
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 116
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 117
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 118
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 119
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - 120
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - May/June 2019 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091020
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070820
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050620
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030420
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010220
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091019
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070819
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050619
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030419
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010219
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091018
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070818
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050618
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030418
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010218
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091017
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070817
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050617
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030417
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010217
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070816
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050616
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030416
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ieee/powerenergy_010216
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070815
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050615
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030415
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010215
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_111214
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_091014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_070814
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_050614
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_030414
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pes/powerenergy_010214
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com