IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2015 - 36

The market premium system is an attempt to
incentivize renewable generators to operate their installations
in a market-oriented manner.
the central government. As a result, the quantity limits failed to
prevent overinvestment due to the generous FiT.

90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000

In response to the PV boom of 2008, the Spanish government
approved the Royal Decree (RD) 1578/2008, which established
a mixed price- and quota-based
mechanism to promote a sustainable growth of solar PV systems.
Hydro Wind Onshore Wind Offshore PV
At the beginning of each quarter,
Biomass, Biogas, Waste Geothermal
a quota was set for the capacity
allowed to be registered in each
call. Separate quotas were set
for rooftop PV systems and for
"utility PV systems" located on
the ground far from consumption connections. Rooftop PV
systems received a higher FiT
to encourage locations closer
to demand and hence minimize
the impacts on distribution networks. The quota system was
extended to other technologies
(RD 6/2009).

199

0
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200
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0
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0
(a)
160,000
140,000

Hydro

Wind Onshore

Biomass, Biogas, Waste

Wind Offshore
Geothermal

PV

120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000

199

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0
(b)

figure 10. The yearly RES-E installed capacity in (a) GWh and RES-E generation in (b)
MWh in Germany from 1990 to 2013. (Source: German Federal Ministry for Economic
Affairs and Energy.)
36	

ieee power & energy magazine	

The Spanish Electricity
Deficit

The cost of RES-E support
has increased significantly in
the last few years, as shown in
Figure 8. The increase of solar
costs is remarkable, which has
increased from less than 1% of
total RES-E costs in 2005 to
34% in 2013. For 2013, solar
support has even been higher
than for wind. Wind generation represents around 30% of
final demand whereas solar only
around 5%.
The increase in the remuneration of support schemes, and the
large reduction in demand, without a corresponding increase
in revenues together with other
factors have created a significant deficit in the electricity sector, which in 2013 accounted
for around €30 billion. This has
motivated a series of reforms to
decrease the deficit, for instance,
july/august 2015



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