IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2018 - 68

ghg emissions, in neither case are they sufficient to achieve
2030, let alone 2050, ghg mitigation goals.
market transformation will be pivotal. California and
northeast policy makers have recognized the importance
of transportation electrification in meeting regional ghg
reduction goals through participation in initiatives such
as the ZeV mandate. California and most northeast states
offer some form of incentive for eVs. most northeast states
also offer partial rebates for high-efficiency heat pumps,
but uptake remains limited, and incentivizing fuel switching is rarely allowed under ee program rules. in California,
the energy Commission has approved an optional building
code that would enable new all-electric buildings to qualify;
however, the state currently does not offer incentives for
fuel switching to high-efficiency electric end uses. in both
regions, technology cost reductions and vibrant customer
markets will be essential, and these can be supported by
stronger, more harmonized policy and regulatory support.
the coincidence of variable renewable generation and
new electrification loads will emerge as an increasingly
important planning metric. Peak demand impacts were
found to be highly dependent on the effectiveness of controlled charging of eVs as well as flexible loads in buildings. in the northeast, due to its colder climate, building
electrification is expected to have a larger and earlier impact
on both peak and total demand than in California. in both
regions, building electrification was found to increase peak
demand, while widespread building electrification would
push both regions from historically summer-peaking systems to winter-peaking systems over the long run. in both
regions, a smarter grid and flexible resources, on both the
supply and demand side, are needed to integrate higher
levels of Vre. to the extent feasible, renewable resource
diversity can help to maintain coincidence between new
loads and new generation.
While both studies find that the bulk grid appears capable
of accommodating aggressive 2030 electrification levels, it
remains uncertain what distribution-system upgrades will be
needed to enable higher levels of electrification. it is likely
that a mix of local grid reinforcement, storage, and network
intelligence will be required to ensure reliability at lowvoltage levels to accommodate high levels of electrification.
these issues will require new planning processes and new
markets for procuring distributed solutions.
California and the northeast are poised to become the
learning laboratories for deep decarbonization and are committed to making this transformation as effective and efficient
as possible. these studies can help inform this transformation.

For Further Reading
s. yeh, C. yang, m. gibbs, d. roland-holst, J. greenblatt,
a. mahone, d. Wei, g. Brinkman, J. Cunningham, a. egg-

68

ieee power & energy magazine

ert, B. haley, e. hart, and J. Williams, "a modeling comparison of deep greenhouse gas emissions reduction scenarios
by 2030 in California," Energy Strategy Rev., vol. 13-14, pp.
169-180, oct. 2016.
J. Williams, B. haley, f. Kahrl, J. moore, a. Jones,
m. torn, and h. mcJeon. (2015). Pathways to deep decarbonization 2015 report sdsn: iddri, deep decarbonization pathways project (ddPP). [online]. available: http://
deepdecarbonization.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/
ddPP_2015_rePort.pdf
a. olson, a. mahone, a. mileva, g. de moor, and n.
schlag. (2016) Volume iV of the Caiso senate Bill 350 study.
[online]. available: https://www.caiso.com/documents/
sB350study-Volume4renewableenergyPort folioanalysis
.pdf
d. Korn, J. Walczyk, a. Jackson, a. machado, J. Kongoletos, and e. Pfann. (2016). 2016 ductless miniā€split heat
pump impact evaluation in massachusetts and rhode island. [online]. available: http://ma-eeac.org/wordpress/wpcontent/uploads/ductless-mini-split-heat-Pump-impactevaluation.pdf
J. h. Williams, a. deBenedictis, r. ghanadan, a. mahone, J. moore, W. r. morrow, iii, s. Price, and m. s. torn,
"the technology path to deep greenhouse gas emissions cuts
by 2050: the pivotal role of electricity," Science, vol. 335,
no. 53, pp. 53-59, 2012.
a. mahone, e. hart, B. haley, J. Williams, s. Borgeson, n. ryan, and s. Price. (2015). California pathways:
ghg scenario results. energy and environmental economics, inc.. [online]. available: http://www.ethree.com/
wp-content/uploads/2017/02/e3_PathWays_ghg_
scenarios_updated_april2015.pdf

Biographies
Amber Mahone is with energy and environmental economics (e3), san francisco, California.
Zachary Subin is with energy and environmental economics (e3), san francisco, California.
Ren Orans is with energy and environmental economics (e3), san francisco, California.
Mackay Miller is with national grid u.s., Waltham,
massachusetts.
Lauren Regan is with national grid u.s., Waltham,
massachusetts.
Mike Calviou is with national grid u.s., Waltham, massachusetts.
Marcelo Saenz is with siemens energy Business advisory, houston, texas.
Nelson Bacalao is with siemens Power technologies,
international, houston, texas.
p&e

july/august 2018


http://deepdecarbonization.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/DD PP_2015_REPORT.pdf http://deepdecarbonization.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/DD PP_2015_REPORT.pdf https://www.caiso.com/Documents/SB350Study-Volume4RenewableEnergyPort folioAnalysis.pdf https://www.caiso.com/Documents/SB350Study-Volume4RenewableEnergyPort folioAnalysis.pdf https://www.caiso.com/Documents/SB350Study-Volume4RenewableEnergyPort folioAnalysis.pdf http://ma-eeac.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/Ductless-Mini-Split-Heat-Pump-Impact-Evaluation.pdf http://ma-eeac.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/Ductless-Mini-Split-Heat-Pump-Impact-Evaluation.pdf http://ma-eeac.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/Ductless-Mini-Split-Heat-Pump-Impact-Evaluation.pdf http://www.ethree.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/E3_PATHWAYS _GHG _Scenarios_Updated_April2015.pdf http://www.ethree.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/E3_PATHWAYS _GHG _Scenarios_Updated_April2015.pdf

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - July/August 2018

Contents
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