using OpenADR 2.0 technology and offered incentives for changing energy consumption behavior during load reduction events or load shift events. The results of the load shift and load reduction events are summarized in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. In the control period from 9 to 11 a.m. (Table 3), the pilot program demonstrated the capability to reduce the load by 19-35% and shift the load by 1-8% at participating sites during load shifting events. Between 5 and 36% of the load reduced during the event control period shifted to the event incentive period (11 a.m. -3 p.m.). In the control and incentive period from 4 to 9 p.m. (Table 4), the load reduction ranged from 15 to 22% for load reduction events. The results from the load shift events and traditional demand response events have shown the viability of shifting the load to periods of high solar generation during spring and winter months and decreasing the load during steep ramping periods that occur in late afternoons and evenings during summer months. Moving Forward Making the transition from DER pilots to full integration and EV Service Providers Communications SEP 2.0 ISO/IEC 15118 Vehicle Telematics OpenADR 2.0 Business to Business SEP 2.0 OpenADR 2.0 SCE Cloud-Based Demand Response Server Gateway SEP 2.0 ISO/IEC 15118 Sep 2.0 Network (Wi-Fi) Direct to Device SEP 2.0 Submeter AMI Internet Third Party figure 12. The SCE EV smart charging pilot architecture. IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission; AMI: advanced metering infrastructure. 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Time (5-min Intervals) (a) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 22.93 kWh Curtailed From 10 PEVs 21.81 kWh Curtailed From 9 PEVs 25.75 kWh Curtailed From 10 PEVs 22.27 kWh Curtailed From 10 PEVs 68.51 kWh Curtailed From 32 PEVs 79.74 kWh Curtailed From 24 PEVs 59.96 kWh Curtailed From 23 PEVs 90.50 kWh Curtailed From 27 PEVs Time (5-min Intervals) (b) figure 13. The demand response events for the EV workplace charging pilot. (a) Off-peak hour events and (b) on-peak events. Orange bars indicate actual kWh consumed, and purple lines represent the curtailed load. july/august 2021 ieee power & energy magazine 39 Energy (kWh) Energy (kWh)