IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014 - 53
the main concern, however, is that ghg emissions from
electricity production are increasing, as electricity demand
has grown and fossil fuels remain a dominant source for generation worldwide.
United states, it accounts for about 80% of the Co2 emissions from the sector. that is because coal combustion is
more carbon intensive than burning natural gas or petroleum
for electricity. While 1 million btu in the form of coal emits
between 205 and 215 lb of Co2, 1 million btu in the form
of natural gas emits only 117 lb. emissions from coal-fired
electricity generation are on the order of 1 t Co2 per mWh,
while this figure is only 0.45 t for electricity generated using
natural gas as fuel. natural gas is primarily methane and has
a high energy content relative to other fuels and therefore a
relatively low Co2-to-energy ratio (although emissions from
the shale gas fracking process used to obtain natural gas
may increase the fuel's life cycle Co2 contribution).
Electricity Supply Affected
by Climate Change
Climate change may affect both electricity demand and supply. an important concern in Central and south america,
as mentioned before, arises in relation to future changes in
supply from hydro resources, as 60% of electricity demand
there is met through hydropower generation (in contrast to
the 20% average contribution from this source elsewhere).
10,000
Reservoir Rapel
Reservoir Ralco
9,000
8,000
Reservoir Colbun
Lake Laja
Lake Chapo
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
11
9
7
5
3
1
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013 2014
Year
figure 3. Stored energy in the main Chilean hydroelectric reservoirs (source: Systep).
4,000,000
4,000
Colbun Generation (MWh/Year)
Rain at Armerillo Station (mm/Year)
3,500,000
3,500
3,000,000
3,000
2,500,000
2,500
2,000,000
2,000
1,500,000
1,500
1,000,000
1,000
500,000
500
1
01
0
20
10
-2
01
9
20
09
-2
00
8
20
08
-2
00
7
20
07
-2
00
6
20
06
-2
00
5
20
05
-2
00
4
20
04
-2
00
3
20
03
-2
00
2
20
02
-2
00
1
20
01
-2
00
0
20
00
-2
00
9
19
99
-2
99
8
-1
99
98
19
-1
97
19
19
96
-1
99
7
-
figure 4. The generation at Colbun hydroelectric plant and the precipitation recorded at a local weather station in the
Maule river basin, Chile (courtesy of Sebastian Ellena).
september/october 2014
ieee power & energy magazine
53
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014 - 1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2014 - Cover4
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