IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016 - 45
Main Power Grid
SNI
Centralized
Generator
Solar
Energy
Resource
ZNI
Wind
Energy
Resource
Investment Opportunity for
Clean Energy Stakeholders
P + jQ
P + jQ
P + jQ
P + jQ
P + jQ
P + jQ
Traditional
Load
P + jQ
Controllable
Load
Microgrid
Distributed
Traditional
Generation
Short-Term
Planning
Utilities
Tactical
Planning
Government
Demand
Strategic
Planning
figure 5. The investment opportunity for clean energy stakeholders in Colombia. SNI: interconnected national system.
consumption rate of around 3 kwh per habitant, where 64.6%
is from fossil-fuel energy (of which 70% is based on nG),
29.8% is from hydropower, 5.1% is from nuclear, and 0.5%
is based on ncres. the electricity price on the wholesale
market is around Us$70/mwh, and the maximum demand
load is about 24 Gw.
History and Evolution of the Power Market
(1990-2015)
even though argentina was the second Latin american
country to liberalize its power industry (in 1992, after
chile), at that time it was the more successful, making bigger
contributions mainly to the generation and distribution sectors. this success resulted, in part, from the introduction of
thermal generation based on combined-cycle gas turbines,
september/october 2016
which produced a reduction of wholesale electricity prices
of up to Us$25/mwh with higher power reserve levels;
also, prices were lower than those estimated by electricity
agreements by around Us$40/mwh at that time. furthermore, argentina was the first Latin american country where
power quality and reliability were successfully regulated,
settled, and controlled mainly by utilities systems.
however, the success of the argentinian power market
lasted only a few years, due to an ideological change in
energy politics introduced at the beginning of the current
century. this caused a reduction in generation investment,
the abandonment of exploration for new resources of oil
and nG, and indirect intervention on private companies by
the state through the freezing of tariffs with a high level
of subsidies (in some cases, up to 90% of the tariff prices).
ieee power & energy magazine
45
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016 - 1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2016 - Cover3
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