IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - 18

By Jeffrey D. Taft

B

BY THE BEGINNING OF THE PRESENT
decade, it had become clear that efforts to
improve U.S. electric power systems as
well as power systems around the world
were being stymied by a problem that was
more or less recognized but not often articulated: the overwhelming complexity of
what is generally and loosely referred to as
the grid had become so great that understanding the implications of changes to the
grid, or even determining what changes
should be made, was significantly impeding grid modernization. Less obvious,
but just as significant, changes to the grid
were already occurring that increasingly
diverged from the basic principles and
assumptions under which the 20th century
grid was developed. These changes could
lead to severe consequences for grid reliability and functionality if they were not
addressed. New developments are largely
driven by evolving consumer expectations, the emergence of new technologies,
and the change from central economies of
scale to network economies. The latter is
driven by increased penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) connected
at the distribution level ("the grid edge")
and by ubiquitous communication connectivity. Additional
drivers include deficiencies in resilience and increasing
threat of cyberattack.
In 2014, we at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) introduced the concept of Grid Architecture
to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as a discipline that
could address the grid as a whole and provide the means to

manage the inherent complexity of grid modernization. Grid
Architecture has its antecedents in system architecture, but
we combined that discipline with additional elements from
network engineering, software engineering, control theory,
and various forms of mathematics, including optimization
methods and graph theory, and applied these to electric
power systems.

Grid Architecture
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2019.2921739
Date of publication: 19 August 2019

18

ieee power & energy magazine

1540-7977/19©2019IEEE

september/october 2019



IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - 5
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - Cover4
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