IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - 19

A Core
Discipline for
Grid Modernization
Grid Architecture
Grid Architecture is the application of system
architecture, network theory, and control theory
to the electric power grid. It is the highest-level
description of the complete grid and a key tool
to help understand and define the many complex
interactions that exist in present and future grids.
Generally speaking, an architecture is an
abstract model of a complex system that we use to
reason about its structure and behavior and predict
its characteristics. A grid architecture functions in
the same way for electric power systems. We refer
to any particular representation of this type as a
grid architecture and to the discipline we use as
Grid Architecture.
A system architecture is comprised of three
kinds of elements:
1) black box components: elements whose internal workings are not of concern (hence,
"black box") and may be of any scale, from
a device, e.g., a transformer, to an entire
system, such as a communications network
2) structure: how the components are connected or related
3)
externally visible characteristics: char©ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/OLGASALT, POWER LINE TOWERS-IMAGE LICENSED BY INGRAM PUBLISHING
acteristics of the components, the structures, and the whole system.
Components, along with their characteristics, combine with structure (also including its characteristics) to
yield systems. Although we treat components as black boxes, this is not an excuse for the architect to specify
magic boxes that cannot exist; therefore, we use various methods to ensure that the specified architectures are
grounded in reality.
The uses of grid architecture are many and include
✔ identifying legacy constraints
✔ removing structural barriers and redefining essential limits
✔ managing system complexity (and therefore risk)
✔ setting essential bounds on system behavior
✔ identifying gaps in theory, technology, organization, and so forth
✔ facilitating communication among stakeholders
✔ defining platforms and interfaces and informing interoperability.
An architecture is not a design. An architecture admits many possible implementations, any of which must fit
inside the bounds or constraints defined by the architect, whereas a design is a specific expression of an architecture that admits exactly one implementation. One role of the architect is to define the smallest set of constraints
needed to ensure that the resulting system will have the right characteristics and behavior while minimizing
limitations on the grid developers, designers, and engineers as much as possible. For the grid, complexity makes
this a challenging proposition.
september/october 2019

ieee power & energy magazine

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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - 3
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2019 - Cover4
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