Dispatch Instructions Aggregator Dispatch DER Agreement on Services to Be Provided DER Owner Billing DO Energy Retailer AEMO Wholesale Market Settlements figure 6. The current DER dispatch framework. DNSP: distribution network service provider. Determines Wholesale Market Dispatch Aggregator Dispatch DER DER Owner Billing Energy Retailer AEMO Dispatch Instructions DER Bids Distribution Operator Aggregates Bids Taking Into Account Network Constraints Distribution Market Settlements Wholesale Market Settlements figure 7. The single-layer centralized structure. Aggregates Bids at Each T-D Connection Point Aggregator Dispatch DER DER Owner Billing Energy Retailer Determines Wholesale Market Dispatch Distribution Operator Distribution Market Settlements AEMO Communicate Dispatch at Each TransmissionDistribution Connection Point Wholesale Market Settlements figure 8. The layered structure. 36 ieee power & energy magazine september/october 2019