Transforming the Grid's Architecture Enterprise Control, the Energy Internet of Things, and Heterofunctional Graph Theory T By Steffi O. Muhanji, Wester C.H. Schoonenberg, and Amro M. Farid Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MPE.2019.2921744 Date of publication: 19 August 2019 september/october 2019 ©ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/BUBAONE THE ELECTRIC POWER GRID WAS DEVELOPED on an implicit architectural assumption of centralized dispatchable generation serving all of customers' passive distributed loads irrespective of the operating costs required to do so. However, several new energy-management change drivers are emerging to uproot this status quo: ✔ the rising demand for electricity ✔ the emergence of distributed renewable energy resources 1540-7977/19©2019IEEE ieee power & energy magazine 71