IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - 65

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reactive (var) control and congestion
management are important concerns, requiring intelligent devices
to improve control across the power
grid. At the same time, supervisory
control and data acquisition systems
must add specific interfaces and protocols to facilitate the management
of these new devices. Updating standards is one of the main ways to solve
these issues. Solutions to the new
problems facing the grid include updating standards, improving flexibility (including the capacity to alter
loads), and adjusting power generation and storage in real time. It is
important to continually adapt the
behavior of flexible resources (FRs)
to grid conditions.
FRs can be owned by either the utility or a customer. In the first option, the
utility could intentionally operate and
use its resources as one more part of
its current infrastructure. This scenario
is possible in many regions, including
the Latin America (LATAM) market. However, European regulations
are more restrictive, and DSOs may
not own, develop, manage, or operate
energy storage facilities. In some specific cases, European Union member
states may allow DSOs to own and
operate energy storage facilities that
are fully integrated network components and where the regulatory authority has granted its approval according
to European Directive 2019/944.
Therefore, in European grids, FRs
based on storage will be provided by
market companies, while FRs using
demand response (DR) technologies will be provided by customers
and/or aggregators, such as retailers, flexibility service (FS)
providers (FSPs), smart-business parks, EV fleet management
platforms, and so forth.
Thus, new FSs should be organized to guarantee service
payments and flexibility management. Globally, at the distribution level, two main models are emerging for FS operations:

Automated Demand Response
and Distributed Energy Resources
in the Flexibility4Chile Project
scenarios. Beyond that, electrification grows constantly due
to the introduction of new devices and appliances with better performance, increasing the complexity and uncertainty
that result from changing consumption patterns (particularly
those coming from mobile loads, such as EVs), which create
more generation imbalances. Additionally, volt/volt-amps

By Juan Ignacio Guerrero, Enrique Personal,
Sebastián García Caro, Antonio Parejo, Mansueto Rossi,
Antonio García, Ricardo Pérez Sánchez, and Carlos León
september/october 2020

ieee power & energy magazine

65



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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - 5
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - 6
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - 8
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - 9
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - Cover4
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