IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020 - 69

OpenADR to implement an infrastructure to control congestion management using local market-integrating aggregators, which provide
FSs according to grid conditions.
Thus, the University of Seville plays
the DSO role by developing a VTN
and a DRMS, the Maps Group holds
the role of an FSP or an aggregator,
and the University of Genoa carries
out the role of a prosumer.

CBP

TSO
Balancing Market/
Congestion Management
(TSO)

DSO

A CBP is a DR program that suggests various product options to
market participants with which
DSO Flexibility Market
they can earn incentive payments
(Local)
in exchange for reducing energy
consumption when requested by
the utility. CBP and DR program
participants may include large customers (e.g., industrial clients) and
aggregators. In this context, an
aggregator is defined as a thirdAggregator/FSP
CBP
party entity that combines the load
of one or more utility customer
service accounts to participate on
FS Portfolio
Peak Curtailment
this schedule. Although programs
implemented by U.S. utilities San
Volt/Var Control
Diego Gas & Electric and Pacific
Gas & Electric were applied to residential consumers in addition to
Prosumers
industrial users, they are very good
examples of the application of CBP
Illumination Air-Conditioning Geothermal Solar
Devices
Probes Panels
in energy markets.
DERs
A CBP implies an information
exchange between a customer (or
Energy EV-V2G Controllable
Loads
Storage
an aggregator) and a utility. TradiSystem
tionally, the best ways to exchange
information and commands were,
at best, partially automated, such as
email, Web forms, phone calls, and figure 4. The hierarchy of the PoC at the Savona campus. This is a successful colso forth. In a CBP, the OpenADR laboration among enterprises and universities. CBP: capacity-bidding program.
standard protocol is the main communication method. OpenADR contains a series of signals/ which are used to request FSs, are named events in the
events and data reports to implement DR programs, so it can OpenADR standard.
be used to realize communication channels and establish the methods and format of the information flow between Savona Campus
the utility (VTN) and a customer/aggregator (VEN). This In the customer domain, the Savona campus created a smart
architecture implies the installation of a VTN in Seville and polygeneration microgrid (SPM) (Figure 5): a three-phase,
a VEN on the Savona campus, specifying the information LV, "intelligent" distribution system running across the camthat must be exchanged between the locations. The VEN pus and including microcogeneration gas turbines, PV fields,
offers different FSs based on the available resources. The absorption chillers, an electrical storage system, standard EVs,
VTN gathers this information and, supported by the DRMS, V2G charging stations, and a gas boiler. A smart energy buildrequests the FSs by sending messages. The messages, ing (SEB) (Figure 6) equipped with a building management
september/october 2020

ieee power & energy magazine

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - September/October 2020