IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2014 - 54

temporarily during cold winter
periods, which has resulted in electric demand shedding in Turkey.

100

(%)

80
60

Summer Peak Demand

40

Although residential natural gas
demand drops significantly dur0
ing the summer months in TurJan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
key, as illustrated in Figure 13,
Industry Refinery
natural gas power generation is
Others
Electricity Generation
also reduced, given exhaust temCommercial and Government
perature limits during summer
figure 14. Monthly natural gas consumption by users in Turkey, 2012; the "others"
peak periods. The reduction in
category includes residential users (source: BOTAS¸).
the available generation capacity
during summer peak periods is a
problem
for
balancing
supply
and demand and also for satimporting natural gas from Iran and Russia, both of which suffer from similar climatic concerns during the winter months. In isfying reserve constraints, particularly if natural-gas-fired
recent years, natural gas imports from Iran have been limited generating units are providing much of the spinning reserve.
20

Georgia

Black Sea

Armenia

Iran

TEIAS -APK 2010

Mediterranean Sea

Syria

Thermal PP-Planned
Thermal PP-Existing
Hydro PP-Planned
Hydro PP-Existing
400-kV Line-Existing
400-kV Line-Planned

Iraq

2013

2012

2011

2009

2008

2010

Summer

figure 16. Peak power demand (in MW) in Turkey over
the last decade (source: TEI˙AS¸).
54

ieee power & energy magazine

12,000,000
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0

1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012

Winter

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0

2002

MW

figure 15. The Turkish 400-kV transmission network, interconnections, and thermal and hydroelectric power plants as of
2010 (source: TEI˙AS¸).

figure 17. The total number of air conditioners in Turkey
(source: TOBB).
november/december 2014



Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2014

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2014 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2014 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2014 - 1
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2014 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2014 - Cover4
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