IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - November/December 2016 - 48
Tied to the lessons learned from the past blackouts, additional recommendations to the ISO, generator owners, and
transmission service providers were put into practice during the month of the World Cup, including scheduling the
interarea interchange levels in a conservative manner to
provide additional operating margin, reducing transmission
line outages due to scheduled maintenances to the absolute
minimum necessary, reviewing and updating the restoration
procedures, and maximizing the number of generating units
available to increase the level of spinning reserve. Meteorological observation stations were on duty 24/7 to anticipate severe weather conditions that could increase the risk of
requirements, such as redundancy in the game venue's
energy supply and compliance with reliability criteria, such
as transmission line loadings within thermal loading limits,
as well as adequate voltage control. The system operation
met the N-1 reliability criteria, in which the system should
not incur limit violations under the single outage of any of
its elements. With regard to multiple outages in the system
(N-1-1 and N-2), there were operational measures using the
local thermal generation to ensure that multiple outages of
bulk-power system lines would not affect the priority loads
in the host cities. In special cases, load-shedding schemes for
nonpriority loads were also considered.
Foz do
Iguaçu
60 Hz
Getulina
Foz do
Iguaçu
2
Mirassol II
CBA2
3 × 400
2
MVA
3
Bandeirantes
Xavantes
2
úv
a
2
1 × 150
1 × 189
MVA
2
Anhanguera
3 × 400
Santo
MVA
Ângelo
Gerdau 2
1 × 250
MVA
2
os
rlag
2
2
Leste
Sul
Baixada
Santista
3 × 400
MVA
88 kV
± 600 kV dc
Santa Barbara
d'Oeste
Sumaré
2
Araraquara
(Furnas)
Viracopos
Airport
Guarulhos
Airport
2 × 250
1 × 300
MVA
Itatiba
VA
2
×
60
M
5
Poços
5 × 150 MVA de Caldas
Campinas
2
Guarulhos
Norte
2
Embu
Guaçu
138 kV
Bom
Jardim
0MVA
2 × 752
3 × 400
Ibiuna
MVA
Inte
2 × 750
MVA
Araraquara 2
bre
3 × 750
MVA
Mogi
Mirim III
Ca
Milton Fornasaro
Araraquara
(CTEEP)
Congonhas Airport
230 kV
Ribeirão
Preto
2
Bauru
3 × 400
MVA
Oeste
345 kV
2
2
2
765 kV
500 kV
Três
Irmãos
2
Legend:
Água
Vermelha
Ilha
Solteira
Jupiá
Nordeste
3 × 400
MVA
Arena
Corinthians
400
MVA
Atibaia
Mogi
2
3
3 × 400
MVA
3
2
Itapeti
4 × 1,500 MVA
4 × 1,650
MVA
Tijuco Preto
figure 7. A single-line diagram of the transmission grid supplying the Sao Paulo stadium and main airports.
48
ieee power & energy magazine
november/december 2016
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