IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - 92
A
Q
P
O
A′
gráfico 1. Un gráfico de movimiento
armónico simple basado en el trabajo
de Thomson y Tait.
una serie de requerimientos
rigurosos; deben ser fundamentales, lógicas, claras y deben
satisfacer las necesidades prácticas, tanto en la escuela como
en el campo. Esperamos que
estas líneas puedan alentar a
otros trabajadores a aclarar las
definiciones y mejorar la terminología.
La fecha de 1944 de este breve documento divide aproximadamente la línea de tiempo de nuestro análisis sobre
el concepto de fasor o vector. Vector
era la palabra utilizada en la ingeniería
eléctrica durante aproximadamente 75
años antes de esa fecha, y fasor ha sido
la palabra desde entonces. Durante 75
años, la gente supo lo que era un vector.
Es el fasor cuyo significado ha cambiado y ya no es tan fundamental, lógico
y claro como Stockman y Hok esperaban que fuera. En este artículo analizaremos el proceso de los cambios de
significado. Primero, observemos el
significado original. Es posible que los
lectores queden sorprendidos.
Uso temprano
Las cantidades del sistema de potencia
suelen describirse mediante ecuaciones sinusoidales, como en (1). Esta es
la misma ecuación en la que Stockman
y Hok estaban interesados, aunque se
preocupaban por modular los dos tér-
minos que no eran de amplitud. En un
sistema de potencia, x (t) puede representar una tensión o una corriente, t
es el tiempo, ~ es la frecuencia angular, A es la magnitud de la forma de la
onda, y i es el ángulo entre la señal
que se observa y alguna referencia evaluada en el tiempo 0:
x (t) = A cos (~t + i) . (1)
Esta ecuación sinusoidal es familiar
para los ingenieros de todo el mundo
(véase "Coordenadas polares preferidas de Steinmetz"). El mismo tipo de
ecuación describe lo que se llama movimiento armónico simple, por ejemplo, el movimiento de un péndulo con
una desviación muy pequeña. Es una
descripción del movimiento (no de la
tensión o la corriente) en un libro de
1867 (Treatise on Natural Philosophy
(Tratado de la filosofía natural) de
Thomson y Tait) lo que nos dio nuestro
modelo. Thomson fue la persona que
making life visibly safer
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - Contents
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - Cover3
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