IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - 96
Así pues, representamos la onda actual en coorde-
Si la amplitud variaba como una onda sinusoidal, un me-
nadas polares: el ángulo, { en [Gráfico S1], es la abs-
dio ciclo de la forma de onda podía ser representado por un
cisa de la representación en coordenadas rectangu-
círculo. La dirección del diámetro desde el origen da la fase
lares... es decir, el tiempo t; el radio i es la ordenada,
de la onda sinusoidal. La fase así determinada requeriría que
la corriente, la tensión, etc. Esto nos da como curva
el signo del término de desfase en (1) sea negativo. La otra
polar, es decir, la representación en coordenadas
mitad de la onda sinusoidal se dibujaría justo encima de la
polares [Gráficos S2 y S3], de la onda sinusoidal [ori-
primera mitad. Si se supiera que la onda es sinusoidal, se po-
ginal]....
dría omitir el círculo y dibujar solo el diámetro. El parecido
El círculo (Gráfico S4), por lo tanto, es la representación ge-
con nuestros diagramas es entonces fuerte, pero superficial.
neral de la onda sinusoidal en coordenadas polares. Y ahí
El diagrama de fasores (tal y como lo conocemos hoy en
está la sorpresa: el círculo no está centrado en el origen,
día, centrado en el origen) no es el mismo. Nuestro método,
sino que pasa por el origen.
el diagrama de manivela para Steinmetz, no se menciona
En coordenadas polares, una cantidad en cualquier
hasta la cuarta edición de su libro Theory and Calculation of
momento es representada como una longitud y un tiempo
Alternating Current Phenomena (Teoría y cálculo de fenó-
(siendo el tiempo una representación del ángulo para una
menos de corriente alterna) (1908), donde un capítulo ente-
función periódica). Era obvio para Steinmetz que cualquier
ro (VI, pág. 42) está dedicado a comparar el diagrama polar
función periódica podía ser representada en coordenadas
y el diagrama de manivela. Steinmetz sabía de nuestro tipo
polares, y esto es lo que él enseñó.
de diagramas de fasores, y pensó que eran poco prácticos.
En el Gráfico S2, un vector de radio móvil gira con el tiem-
En su análisis sobre la potencia de los vectores, escribió:
po, empezando por la abscisa en t = 0 (hace aproximadamen-
Esta limitación a las ondas sinusoidales me parece
te 100 años, se debatió mucho sobre la forma en que debería
una de las principales razones por las que una estan-
rotar. Se estableció el sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj). El
darización del diagrama de manivela no podría cum-
vector de radio en movimiento traza el círculo en el Gráfico S3.
plir el propósito de asegurar la uniformidad de la
Impact the Future of the Industry
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Identificador de Objeto Digital 10.1109/MPE.2019.2957556
la práctica, la palabra estacionario suele omitirse en la escritura, sobre todo en
la escritura de los ingenieros de potencia. Además, la flecha curva que muestra la velocidad angular generalmente
se omite en los diagramas de fasores, y
no se anota la velocidad de rotación ~ .
El cambio de significado
En 1981, un libro sobre potencia (T.
Wildi y P. McNeill, Electrical Power
Technology (Tecnología de Potencia
Eléctrica)) describió un fasor como
"una línea recta cuya longitud es proporcional a la tensión efectiva o a la corriente efectiva que representa". Incluso
no se menciona el ángulo. Para 1990,
se había producido un nuevo cambio en
el significado. Scharf y Behrens, en su
libro A First Course in Electrical and
Computer Engineering (Un primer
curso de ingeniería eléctrica e informática), describen un "salto conceptual
desde el número complejo e ji hasta el
fasor e j^~t + ih f" Según estos autores, el
fasor ya no es una línea, es una expre-
http://www.ieee-pes.org/technical-activities
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - 4
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - 5
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2020 - Cover4
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