IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 36

Pese a que una cantidad importante de estos incendios son por
causas naturales, muchos se han originado por fuentes de ignición
relacionadas con el ser humano, como incendios provocados,
vehículos, actividades al aire libre y fallas en el tendido eléctrico.
que han ido creciendo rápidamente en el último siglo de
manera rentable. Si bien estas líneas eléctricas y sus equipos
asociados fallan de forma ocasional y provocan chispas
y arcos, los relés de protección aíslan y desactivan la
sección con la anomalía casi de manera instantánea. Posteriormente,
los equipos de funcionamiento y mantenimiento
son despachados de forma rápida para reparar y restablecer
la parte con fallas de la línea eléctrica. Hasta hace poco,
esta era la buena práctica estándar de las empresas de servicios
públicos.
De acuerdo con los hallazgos de los análisis de causa raíz
e investigaciones de incendios, la energía generada de una
falla (energía de falla) es un catalizador para un incendio. En
el contexto de un triángulo del fuego, esta energía de falla
es el componente de calor. De este modo, SCE desarrolló
su estrategia integral actual de mitigación de incendios para
reducir las fallas de su infraestructura.
Conductor cubierto
Como se mencionó anteriormente, SCE ha enfocado la
mayor parte de sus proyectos de mitigación de incendios a
prevenir fallas eléctricas. Su principal medida de mitigación
de riesgos de incendios para fortalecer las redes es la implementación
de un programa de conductores cubiertos contra
incendios, que se desarrolló después de un análisis de riesgos
detallado y una evaluación comparativa en otras empresas
de servicios públicos de los Estados Unidos y el extranjero.
El análisis de riesgos de SCE mostró que la implementación
de un conductor cubierto representa la medida de mitigación
más prudente.
Aunque la práctica anterior de SCE de reemplazar los
Combustible
figura 1. Triángulo del fuego: la ciencia del fuego fundamental
como pilar clave de la estrategia de reducción de
riesgos de incendios.
conductores descubiertos existentes con cables subterráneos
tiene un mayor beneficio en reducción de riesgos, la
reconducción con un conductor cubierto tiene el mejor valor
en general. Un conductor cubierto mitiga de forma efectiva
varios tipos de impulsores de igniciones, como el contacto
de un objeto, el contacto entre cables y la reducción en las
fallas de los equipos que se asocian con equipos y hardware
de sistemas de distribución más antiguos (p. ej., travesaños)
a un menor costo.
Y lo que es más importante, un conductor cubierto le permite
a SCE reducir la mayor cantidad de riesgos de incendios
en el menor tiempo. Un conductor cubierto es ~70 % efectivo
en mitigar impulsores de igniciones de incendios de SCE en
comparación con ~98 % del soterramiento. El soterramiento
tiene un costo de instalación de aproximadamente 8 veces,
Blindaje del
conductor
Capa interna
Capa externa
Conductor
ACSR
figura 2. Vista transversal de un conductor cubierto
utilizado en SCE.
36
ieee power & energy magazine
figura 3. Diseño de conductor cubierto de SCE con
sus capas de aislamiento. ACSR: conductor de aluminio
reforzado con acero.
enero/febrero 2022
Calor
Oxígeno

IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
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