IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 51

100
120
140
160
180
20
40
60
80
25
Hora y día
figura 3. Precios de la energía en el mercado spot entre el 25 y el 26 de enero de 2017.
consecuencias en el funcionamiento del sistema y las respuestas
de las autoridades.
Menores transferencias de energía
La tabla 1 muestra el impacto de los incendios en una infraestructura
de red principal, es decir, de 220-500 kV. Para
enfrentar de manera eficiente estos impactos, el Operador
Independiente del Sistema de Chile tuvo que redespachar el
sistema después de la contingencia, aumentando la generación
de unidades más costosas en áreas de importación para
evitar restricciones en la demanda. Debido al aumento de
los riesgos, el Operador Independiente del Sistema de Chile
también tomó medidas preventivas. Un ejemplo interesante
corresponde al incidente en el corredor de 500 kV de Charrúa-Ancoa.
Después de que el corredor resultara afectado
por un incendio en uno de sus circuitos (el corredor está
compuesto de dos circuitos únicos
en rutas separadas), se tuvo
que desconectar un
circuito,
mientras el otro funcionaba a
una tasa menor como medida
preventiva. Antes de la falla, los
dos circuitos transferían cerca
de 1,000 MW, lo que se redujo a
300 MW después del incidente.
Como consecuencia de las
transferencias limitadas, hubo
un importante diferencial de
precios en la red (figura 3),
aumentando los costos de congestión.
A su vez, este diferencial
de precios puede explicarse
por el mayor despacho de unidades
más costosas (alimentadas
por diésel) en áreas de
enero/febrero 2022
Generadores
Hidro
Diésel
Biomasa
Líneas de transmisión
500 kV
220 kV
154 kV
66 kV
importación; en este caso, el centro del país. Pese a que una
falla provocó parte del aumento en el costo, otra parte fue
causada por las medidas preventivas que tomó el operador
de redes. En este caso, el operador de redes prefirió hacerse
cargo de un costo de congestión ocasionado por las medidas
preventivas orientadas a la protección contra riesgos (derivados
de otra falla potencial de la línea) en lugar de aumentar
las transferencias de energía (reduciendo los costos en
congestiones). Este enfoque del operador de redes refleja,
en nuestra opinión, una mentalidad de aversión al riesgo al
enfrentar eventos de alto impacto.
Apoyo de la generación distribuida
Los incendios también pueden afectar los sistemas de
subtransmisión local y los puntos de entrada a los sistemas
de distribución. En estos casos, las fuentes de energía
26
Sur
Centro
figura 4. Constitución y su sistema de transmisión de suministro el 26 de enero de
2017. Las áreas afectadas por incendios están marcadas con un símbolo de llama roja.
ieee power & energy magazine
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022

Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - 3
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - January/February 2022 - Cover4
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