Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 103

porque los contactos se abren cuando la corriente de la carga
cruza cero. Cualquier energía en el sistema se disipa convenientemente en la cámara del arco.
Con los CB de CC, los resistores no lineales (protecciones contra sobretensiones) se usan generalmente para brindar
una contratensión en CC bajo la corriente de carga/falla en el
momento de la interrupción. Estos resistores, parte integral de
todos los CB de CC, también se llaman disipadores de energía porque disipan la energía de las inductancias de la línea, lo
cual es una consecuencia de una alta tensión y gran corriente
simultáneas por un breve período hasta que la corriente CC es
llevada a cero. La disipación de energía esperada a un nivel de
tensión de CC de 400 kV se encuentra en el orden de los 10 a
100 MJ, lo cual afecta las calificaciones térmicas y constantes
de tiempo de los absorbentes. Esto es especialmente importante si se requiere el funcionamiento repetido de los CB de

CC. Este grado de disipación de energía también influye sobre
el costo, tamaño y peso del CB de CC.

Inductor de serie con CB de CC
Cada CB de CC en redes de HVdc requiere un inductor en
serie en el orden de entre de 50-300 mH. Aunque este inductor no puede reducir la amplitud de la corriente de falla de
CC, puede limitar la tasa de aumento de la corriente de falla.
Este inductor, cuyo tamaño es para un determinado nivel de
protección y tiempos de funcionamiento de los CB de CC,
limita la corriente de falla pico experimentada por los CB
de CC y otros componentes en la red de CC. Por ejemplo,
una barra de CC de 400 kV con un tiempo de interrupción
deseado (tiempo de apertura y protección de los CB de CC)
de 4 ms y una corriente pico máxima de 16 kA necesita un
inductor de alrededor de 100 mH. Los inductores de serie

18

18

Tiempo de
16 creación de arco

16
14

Idc

12
10

Corriente (kA)

Corriente (kA)

14

IVI1

8
6
Señal de
disparo

4
2

ILC

10
8
6
4 VI3 Comienza
a cerrarse
2

VI1 Comienza a abrirse
VI1 Completamente abierta

0

IS3

VI2
Completamente
abierta

VI3 Completamente
cerrada

0
0

5

10

15
20
Tiempo (ms)
(a)

25

30

0

5

10

15
20
Tiempo (ms)
(b)

25

30

25

30

100

600
VdcCB

80

400
Vdc

Energía (MJ)

Tensión (kV)

12

200
0
Tiempo de supresión
de la corriente de falla

-200

5

10

15
20
Tiempo (ms)
(c)

25

ESA
40
20

-400
0

60

30

0

0

5

10

15
20
Tiempo (ms)
(d)

gráfico 3. Las cuatro gráficas muestran la interrupción de una corriente de falla pico en CC de 15 kA con un CB
mecánico de CC en un sistema de CC de 400 kV, suponiendo una falla de CC en t = 0 s. (a) Los contactos requieren de
aproximadamente 8 ms para separarse completamente. (b) La corriente de falla está completamente extinguida después
de 20 ms adicionales. (c) La gráfica indica el nivel de tensión del protector. (d) La disipación de energía a través de los
protectores (E SA) es de aproximadamente 83 MJ.
mayo/junio 2019

ieee power & energy magazine

103



Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019

Contents
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - Cover1
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - Cover2
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - Contents
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 2
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - 3
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Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - Cover3
Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - May/June 2019 - Cover4
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