IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - 102
y despacho que será cada vez más crítica para el funcionamiento
y la estabilidad de la electricidad. Los gases emergentes
de baja emisión de carbono, como el hidrógeno, pueden
apoyar la integración eficiente de las energías renovables en
la transición del sistema de energía actual a uno 100 % limpio
desde el punto de vista de las emisiones de carbono.
El hidrógeno desempeña una función esencial, aunque
casi invisible, en la economía mundial actual. Se emplea
principalmente en la fabricación de amoníaco para fertilizantes
agrícolas, en las refinerías que producen combustibles
líquidos y en numerosos productos químicos utilizados
en una amplia variedad de productos. Se espera que estos
usos como materia prima continúen. Se prevé que el hidrógeno
bajo en carbono crezca por su potencial de descarbonización
en la industria y el transporte. Está previsto que la
necesidad de reducir las emisiones de CO2 en la industria de
procesos y el transporte aumente la demanda de hidrógeno
limpio. La producción de hidrógeno no solo procederá de
la electrólisis, sino también de otras fuentes, como el gas
natural con captura y almacenamiento de carbono (CCS, por
sus siglas en inglés) y diferentes procesos de producción de
hidrógeno de origen biológico.
Aunque hay muchas formas de producir hidrógeno y de describir
su huella de carbono, este artículo se centrará en el hidrógeno
producido a partir de la electrólisis del agua utilizando
electricidad renovable ( " hidrógeno electrolítico " o " hidrógeno
verde " , véase la figura 3). La producción de hidrógeno electrolítico
con electricidad renovable es la que tiene un mayor
impacto en el sistema eléctrico y, en general, se acepta que
tiene las menores emisiones de carbono asociadas a su generación.
(Consulte " Producción de hidrógeno electrolítico " ).
Más allá del sistema eléctrico, el hidrógeno tiene muchas
funciones importantes que desempeñar en la descarbonización
del sistema de energía y de la economía. A medida que
se realizan inversiones en infraestructuras, la optimización
conjunta de la construcción de redes energéticas nuevas y la
figura 1. Emisiones de CO2 por sectores. (Fuente: https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/energy-and-the-environment/
where-greenhouse-gases-come-from.php).
102
ieee power & energy magazine
julio/agosto 2022
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/energy-and-the-environment/where-greenhouse-gases-come-from.php
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/energy-and-the-environment/where-greenhouse-gases-come-from.php
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022
Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - Cover2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - Contents
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - 2
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - 3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - 4
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - July/August 2022 - Cover4
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