IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 107

ESS operativo sin hacer que la intervención en sí sea un problema. No obstante, los vínculos y las relaciones causales
entre fallas e indicadores y el potencial de esas fallas tempranas para conducir a algunas más grandes no son evidentes
en esta etapa temprana de la industria del BESS. En última
instancia, las partes interesadas deben establecer una metodología para identificar las relaciones entre el indicador y la
falla que se pueden rastrear y monitorear en estos sistemas.

Creación de un enfoque de
mantenimiento predictivo  para  los BESS
La sofisticación de los enfoques para identificar " señales " o
indicadores de fallas útiles ha evolucionado sustancialmente.
En el enfoque reactivo más básico, estos indicadores se basan
en cuasi accidentes informados por los empleados. Todos los
datos son importantes y pueden ser útiles para prevenir futuras fallas. Por lo tanto, recomendamos una cultura en la que
se fomente la notificación de cuasi accidentes. Los enfoques
más rigurosos implican 1) aprovechar los enlaces entre el
indicador y la falla establecidos durante la fase de diseño
del sistema y 2) combinar con enlaces adicionales entre el
indicador y la falla del análisis de datos operativos en sistemas en campo. La identificación de estos enlaces es un
proceso iterativo. Durante la fase de diseño, los integradores
de sistemas desarrollan el producto según el conocimiento
institucional o histórico, pero los casos de uso que el sistema
encuentra en el campo podrían generar nuevos indicadores
de fallas. Por lo tanto, el enfoque de mantenimiento predictivo debe ser escalable para adaptarse a nuevos " patrones "
con un impacto mínimo en el costo y la disponibilidad general del sistema. La siguiente sección profundiza este enfoque

de dos capas para identificar las relaciones entre el indicador
y la falla durante la fase de diseño y se basa en el análisis de
datos para los sistemas en campo.

Identificación de las relaciones entre el
indicador y la falla durante la fase de diseño
Es costoso modernizar un sistema de campo. Por lo tanto,
el primer paso durante la fase de diseño es tomar una decisión deliberada para detectar información vital y obtener la
mayor cantidad de datos posible para proporcionar información sobre varios modos de falla. A continuación, el proceso
requiere de
1)	 la creación de una lista completa de fallas recuperables del sistema de baterías y la vinculación de fallas
a los principales indicadores. Esto comienza con una
consideración de ingeniería reflexiva del diseño del
sistema. Sin embargo, el diseñador debe complementar esta consideración con una recopilación de datos
históricos de desarrolladores, operadores y fabricantes clave.
2)	 La determinación de si los indicadores ya se rastrean
mediante los actuales BMS, EMS o cualquier controlador de planta.
3)	 La finalización de una lista de indicadores y criterios
para supervisar a fin de reducir las fallas de campo de
los equipos del BESS.
Este es un proceso beneficioso para aprovechar, aunque
puede haber brechas cuando se identifican nuevos modos de
falla o el proceso no tiene en cuenta los errores de diseño o
la degradación del campo/medioambiente que podrían dar
lugar a fallas.

tabla 4. Un extracto de un FMEA convencional y centrado en la seguridad para un BESS.
Sistema o
componente Modo de falla

Efecto del
peligro

BMS

El sistema no funciona
de forma segura
mediante el rango
de funcionamiento
de temperatura
normalmente esperado

Celda de la
batería

Probabilidad;
Gravedad

Valor
para el
riesgo

Consecuencia

Prevención

Detección

Incendio

Incidente de
seguridad

Prueba de
BMS

Sensor de
temperatura
independiente

3; 10

30

Grupo de fallas

Incendio

Incidente de
seguridad

Prueba del
abuso

Alarma de
incendio

3; 9

27

Paquete de
baterías

Grupo de fallas

Incendio

Incidente de
seguridad

Prueba del
abuso

Alarma de
incendio

2; 10

20

BMS

Daños a la batería
debido a falla del BMS

Incendio o
pérdida de
funcionalidad

Incidente de
seguridad

Combinación,
protección del
inversor

Falla del
2; 7
EMS en el
comportamiento
del BMS

14

Inversor

El inversor no detecta/
Pérdida de
reacciona a la
funcionalidad
sobretemperatura en
transistores bipolares de
compuerta aislada

Falla del
3; 4
EMS en el
aumento de la
temperatura del
inversor o falla
del inversor

12

noviembre/diciembre del 2020	

Reducción de Confianza en
la potencia de el proveedor
salida

ieee power & energy magazine 	

107



IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020

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