IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - 64
esta mejora reduzca la capacidad máxima de cada operación
de restricción en un 9 %.
Impacto de un error de predicción
muy grande
El 2 de marzo de 2019, el área de Kyushu experimentó un
error extremo de predicción de FV (sobregeneración). Como
se muestra en la figura 14, la generación FV real fue 3.5 GW
más baja de lo que se había pronosticado a las 10 a.m. del día
anterior, mientras que la demanda fue 0.9 GW más alta de lo
esperado. Para hacer frente a la brecha total de 4.4 GW entre
la oferta y la demanda que resultó del error de predicción,
a las 9 a.m. del día del evento, cuando el funcionamiento
del sistema revisó el cronograma, se cancelaron 0.81 GW
Caída
de tensión
Transformador
Transformador de
de red de 220/66 kV
distribución de 66/6 kV
Flujo de potencia habitual
Demanda
Línea de transmisión
Centrales
térmicas
y otras centrales
eléctricas
Línea de distribución
Flujo eléctrico que acompaña a la conexión
de energía renovable (en clima despejado y condiciones similares)
Aumento
de tensión
6,800
6,800
6,700
6,700
6,600
6,600
6,500
Rango
de operación
6,400
6,300
(V)
(V)
figura 15. La dificultad de gestionar la tensión en una red de distribución. (Fuente: Kyushu EPCO; usado con permiso).
6,500
6,400
6,300
6,200
6,200
6,100
6,000
12 a.m.
6 a.m.
12 p.m.
Monitoreado
6,100
6 p.m.
6,000
12 a.m.
Medianoche
6 a.m.
(a)
30
Carga: 2,089 kW Carga: 435 kW Carga: 304 kW
LRT
30
3.96 km
6 p.m. Medianoche
(b)
10
10
12 p.m.
51
Número : Cambiar con un sensor
60
51
5.62 km
56
1.72 km
1,990 kW
57
52
1,260 kW
11.3 km
62
0.93 km
3.87 km
15.2 km
69
4.85 km
1,500 kW
17.1 km
(c)
figura 16. La desviación de tensión en un sistema de distribución. (a) Un día soleado con una generación FV conside-
rable. (b) Un día lluvioso con poca generación FV. (c) El diagrama de líneas. LRT: transformador de control de razón de
carga. (Fuente: Kyushu EPCO; usado con permiso).
64
ieee power & energy magazine
noviembre/diciembre 2020
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover1
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover2
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IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover3
IEEE Power & Energy Magazine - Spanish - November/December 2020 - Cover4
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