IEEE PES T&D Conference & Exposition 2022 - 109

interface would be just an internal logical connection within
the centralized station IED.
Implementing a distributed design in digital substations
is much easier than in conventional hard-wired substations.
In digital substations, the interfaces are easily built via software.
In conventional substations, they would have a high
impact on the project. In the latter
case, more inputs/outputs would be
required in the relays along with
more panel wiring, more cabling,
and higher commissioning efforts.
Use of Logics
The use of built-in logics in numerical
relays is a common practice,
and built-in logics have been present
in almost all relay models for
a long time. They are fixed logics
developed by the relay manufacturer
when implementing protection
elements and schemes. In addition,
most numerical relays offer users
the capability to build customized
logics. In many cases, the user can
create sophisticated logic block diagrams
within the IED configuration
software. This logic capability, combined
with GOOSE and SV digital
interface between IEDs, enable the
implementation of sophisticated distributed
logics that can be used for
different purposes, including:
✔ to enhance the reliability of
protection schemes;
✔ create protection schemes
with faster operation times
and increased security;
✔ build automation and restoration
schemes;
✔ build control and interlocking
logics;
✔ replace physical auxiliary
relay schemes (e.g., lockout
relays).
✔ For some IEDs, user-configurable
logics are also used
to build connection between
different relay elements (e.g.,
blocking/enabling), to build
trip logics, process incoming
signals (e.g., from GOOSE
subscriptions), do conversion
of data types, aggregate
data, and configure IED
communication services.
April 2022 Show Issue
GOOSE
BRF Initiate
IED_Bus
PDIF
RBRF
IED_Station
T1
PTOC
PDIF
PTRC
Bus
PDIF
PIU_2_T1
CT2-T1
TCTR
XCBR
CB2-T1
VT1
Feeder 1
RBRF
PTOC
PTRC
T1
CT1-T1
Protection Testing in Digital Substations
Settings-Based versus System-Based Testing
Settings-based testing refers to the task of verifying the
operation of individual protection element settings. This
test method is traditionally performed since the introduction
CB1-T1
PIU_1_T1
XCBR
TCTR
PIU_Feeder1
TVTR
XCBR
TCTR
CT1
CT2
CB1
CB2
Feeder 1Feeder 2
figure 4. Logical Node Allocation to Physical Devices: Centralized IED.
GOOSE -BRF Trip
GOOSE
BRF Re-Trip
SV-I
IED_Feeder1
PTOC
PTRC
GOOSE
Trip
figure 5. Digital Interfaces between IEDs.
ieee power & energy magazine
109
SV-V
SV-I
GOOSE
Pos
PIU_Feeder1
TVTR
XCBR
TCTR
GOOSE
Pos

IEEE PES T&D Conference & Exposition 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of IEEE PES T&D Conference & Exposition 2022

Contents
IEEE PES T&D Conference & Exposition 2022 - Intro
IEEE PES T&D Conference & Exposition 2022 - Cover1
IEEE PES T&D Conference & Exposition 2022 - Cover2
IEEE PES T&D Conference & Exposition 2022 - Contents
IEEE PES T&D Conference & Exposition 2022 - 2
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IEEE PES T&D Conference & Exposition 2022 - Cover3
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