Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 17

and seasons of the year,” former Game
Commission biologist Rawland D.
Cogan reported in 1987. “Bulls used
home ranges that were more than three
times larger and over twice as far across
as those used by cows. Home range and
movements also varied by season. Elk
showed a preference for herbaceous
openings in the spring, summer and
fall, and clearcuts in the winter.”
The study results reinforced the ongoing management plan, which leaned
heavily on creating the types of habitat
elk typically seek out. By strategically
locating these areas, many elk were
persuaded to stay off farmlands and in
areas where they had a better shot at
survival.
In the early ’90s, elk research concentrated on herd reproduction, calf
mortality and health profiles, much of
which was accomplished through telemetry and blood analysis. In addition,
biologists developed and implemented
in 1992 a new census technique — a total aerial survey — that provided more
reliable population estimates. Under
the old census, about 60 people, many
of whom were ground observers, and a
helicopter were used to cover the territory used by elk. The refined approach
required 20 people, an airplane and a
helicopter.
The Game Commission’s elk management efforts received a substantial
shot in the arm in 1990 when the
Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
(RMEF) contributed $38,000 toward
the purchase of State Game Lands
311, a 1,600-acre acquisition at that
time, in the Winslow Hill area of Elk
County (near Benezette). In 1992 and
1993, the RMEF contributed an additional $92,000 to help fund habitat
enhancements and purchase and erect
JULY  2013 

deterrent electric fencing on areas
sustaining substantial elk crop damage.
Five-strand electric fence was placed
around fields and pastures on more than
550 acres cultivated by six farmers, all
areas where elk conflicts were being
resolved with a gun. In subsequent
years, the number of elk being shot for
crop damage declined.
Throughout the ’80s, the elk herd’s
size changed little; it comprised 120 to
150 animals. Annual mortality — elk
killed by poachers, for crop damage,
by dogs and cars — seemed to be offsetting reproductive gains. But in the
’90s, with the aid of better natural food
conditions and deterrent fencing, elk
flourished. In 1993, the herd’s size was
estimated to be 224 elk.
The more the Game Commission
and its partners did for the elk, the

Jacob Dingel
17



Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013

Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 1
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 3
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 4
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 5
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 6
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 7
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 8
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 9
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 10
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 11
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 12
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 13
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 14
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 15
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 16
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 17
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 18
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 19
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 20
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 21
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 22
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 23
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 24
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 25
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 26
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 27
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 28
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 29
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 30
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 31
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 32
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 33
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 34
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 35
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 36
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 37
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 38
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 39
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 40
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 41
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 42
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 43
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Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 50
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Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 56
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Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 60
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 61
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 62
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 63
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 64
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 64a
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - 64b
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - Cover3
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2013 - Cover4
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