Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 52

females have a core home range from
3 to 5 square miles and a dominant
female ensures her daughters and
granddaughters set up nearby so she
can control an even larger area.
Male cubs are sent on their way at 12
to 18 months of age to live wandering
lives, usually in bands of other subadult
males so they can overpower females
and get access to food. But adult male
bears don't compete with females for
space, cover, or water because they are
hoping to mate with them. Instead,
they wander as far as 200 square miles
a year in search of food.
On the other hand, overlapping
female home ranges also may include
the home ranges of several breeding
males, but often only one dominant
male will mate with the females in
his breeding area. Kilham estimates
that only the largest males ages 8
or older - 10 to 15 percent of the
population - get to mate, even though
males are sexually mature at age 2.
In addition to scent, bears
communicate through facial
expressions, ear movements, body
posture (like their stiff-legged walk
to intimidate other bears) and
vocalizations. The bear I
encountered looked startled
and Kilham says by studying
bears closely, especially some
of the cubs he's raised to adulthood
and then continued to observe closely
throughout their lives, he has "found a
great deal of similarity between human
facial expressions and those of bears...
Smiles are smiles and frowns are
frowns."
Furthermore, if a bear's
eyes twitch or its ears
are cocked back,
it is annoyed and
52

deciding what to do. When it is
irritated, its ears are half-cocked. If a
bear is being cautious, but curious, it
may have one ear cocked forward and
one backward.
Black bear vocalizations include
what Kilham calls a "guttural
reverberation of sound in their chests"
when they are angry, as well as a huh
huh when they are upset and a mmm,
mmm, appeasement call. They also
make a gulping sound that males use
to get female bears to go with them
during mating season, and females use
to guide their cubs and keep them safe.
When cubs are nursing, they make
a deep, loud purr that they also make
when they are happy. They have a loud
distress call that Kilham says sounds
like baa wo oow, but I thought was a
wailing child.
Years ago, I heard such a sound one fall

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Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014

Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - Intro
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 3
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 4
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 5
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 6
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 7
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 8
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 9
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 10
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 11
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 12
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 13
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 14
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 15
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 16
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 17
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 18
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 19
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 20
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 21
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 22
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 23
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 24
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 25
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 26
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 27
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 28
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 29
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 30
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 31
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 32
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 33
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 34
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 35
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 36
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 37
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 38
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 39
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 40
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 41
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 42
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 43
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 44
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 45
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 46
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 47
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 48
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 49
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 50
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 51
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 52
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 53
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 54
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 55
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 56
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 57
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 58
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Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 60
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 61
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 62
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 63
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - 64
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - BB1
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - BB2
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - Cover3
Pennsylvania Game News - May 2014 - Cover4
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