Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 21
A hemlock polypore provides
food for pleasing fungus beetles.
duced from Europe, is the white-nose
syndrome (WNS) fungus that in under
seven years has killed millions of cave
bats. Infected hibernating bats awaken
too often, deplete their fat reserves
and fail to survive the winter. Five of
Pennsylvania's six cave bat species are
now of special conservation concern.
In under five years the little brown bat
went from being the most common
bat in Pennsylvania to one of the least
common. This has been called the
worst wildlife health crisis in history.
Because bats are the major predators of
night-flying insects, replacing their free
services with pesticides entails a cost.
And trying to understand and control
the WNS fungus also will be costly.
The precipitous declines of cave bat
species are only the latest examples.
Beyond Pennsylvania, and even more
spectacular, are the extinctions of at
least 100 frog species in parts of Australia and the Americas caused by the
post-1970s spread of the lethal chytrid
JULY 2014
fungus. It's been calculated
that, worldwide, fungi have
caused more that 80 percent
of all disease-related animal
extinctions in recorded history.
Fungi-wise, where are the
good guys? Look no farther
than the nearest oak tree.
In this instance, some wild
oaks are surviving because
of a fungus. A fungus known
to kill gypsy moths in Japan
(call it GMF) was introduced
to areas near Boston, Mass. in
1910. It was thought that this
early experiment in biological
control of a pest had failed. But
in 1989 GMF was identified
in dead gypsy moths. Since,
researchers have concluded
that, in the long term, this "natural"
control decreases high-level gypsy
moth populations and reduces the
frequency of significant outbreaks. As
a result, numerous oaks have been and
will be spared in remote areas that fail
to qualify for expensive spraying. And
the cost of spraying is reduced.
The larger fleshy fungi, e.g. mushrooms, are food for wildlife. Mushrooms
are a highly nutritious food supplement
when the nutritional value of other native forages is on the wane. Fungi may
dominate the foods eaten by game species in late summer and fall. They're on
the menus of deer, elk, bears, all squirrel
species, grouse and turkeys.
Most small forest rodents nibble
on mushrooms. In some areas, an
underground fungus called Endogone
is the primary food for the woodland
jumping mouse. Truffles, the fruiting
bodies of a subterranean fungus, are a
major component of the endangered
northern flying squirrel's diet. The
21
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014
Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - Intro
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 3
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 4
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 5
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 6
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 7
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 8
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 9
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 10
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 11
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 12
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 13
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 14
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 15
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 16
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 17
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 18
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 19
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 20
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 21
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 22
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 23
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 24
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 25
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 26
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 27
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 28
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 29
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 30
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 31
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 32
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 33
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 34
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 35
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 36
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 37
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 38
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 39
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 40
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 41
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 42
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 43
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 44
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 45
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 46
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 47
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 48
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 49
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 50
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 51
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 52
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 53
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 54
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 55
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 56
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 57
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 58
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 59
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 60
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 61
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 62
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 63
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - 64
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - BB1
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - BB2
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - Cover3
Pennsylvania Game News - July 2014 - Cover4
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