Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 20

mixed in with tulip poplar, sugar maple
and magnolia in mesic soils, Gustafson
said.
"You won't find it in the same places
you find chestnut oak or up on the ridge
side, unless it's at a spring seep," Gustafson said. "Ash likes those rich, highquality, high-productivity sites. It grows
fast."
Gustafson said mushroom hunters
seek out ash trees because morels often
are found around their roots. Wildflowers
- orchids and lilies - also seem to prefer
the moist soil underneath ashes, he said.
But the loss of ash, Gustafson cautioned, will influence biodiversity, particularly macroecology.
"When we finally lose ash trees, what
will replace them?" Gustafson questioned. "And how will the physiology of
the soil found beneath ashes change?
"Replacement trees and changes in
the herbaceous community that thrived
under ashes surely will follow," he said.
"It's what's in play whenever you lose a
whole genus of trees."

Fighting for Ash

Liu believes the canopy space opened
by the loss of ash in forests most likely
will be occupied by invasive plants such
as multiflora rose, oriental bittersweet,
honeysuckle and autumn olive.
To suppress the beetles, DCNR continues to release three nonstinging Asiatic
wasps that either parasitize EAB eggs or
larvae, said Mark Faulkenberry, a forest
pest suppression supervisor with DCNR's
Bureau of Forestry.
"But it takes time to establish biolog-

ical-control programs, and this one's no
different," Faulkenberry said.
For instance, parasitic wasps were
released by DCNR on a game lands -
State Game Lands 252 - for the first
time in 2011. But the beetles capitalized
on resources faster than the wasps did.
Today few ash remain on this 3,018-acre
property, just south of Williamsport.
Liu said DCNR has bought time
for more than 1,700 ash trees in state
forests through application of chemical
insecticides. Gustafson said the Game
Commission also is working to save
some ash, specifically an isolated stand
of pumpkin ash.
But these treatments are an expensive,
and only temporary, pardon from what
appears to be a foregone conclusion.
"I think we all agree that ash is going
to be gone in large part," Gustafson
explained. "You might find pockets of
it - maybe in the Big Woods - in the next
decade or two, because the beetles didn't
find them yet. But the beetles are effective
at finding ash."
Suppressing the beetles, however,
does afford a chance to collect seeds to
re-establish ash, should those wasps ultimately hit a home run.
Ashes typically come up losers in the
soil seed banks of forests, another name
for the deposits of mostly dormant plant
and tree seeds that remain in the soil
awaiting conditions that promote growth.
"Seeds of some species of trees can be
stored in the soil seed bank for decades,"
Gustafson said. "But ash isn't like that."
The Game Commission in some cases
has opted to remove ash through timber

C lockw ise on the op p osite p age, the b ark chip p ed from an ash tree w here a p ileated
w oodp ecker dug for E AB larvae; a dead ash threatens a gam e lands entrance; ep icorm ic
b ranching p op s out on an ash trunk as the tree com p ensates for its dead lim b s ab ove; a cross
section of ash shows the cambium layer, the gap between the bark and sap wood bark sha ings
lie at base of ash tree where a pileated woodpecker has fed and a struggling ash canopy.
2 0



Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017

Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - Intro
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 3
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 4
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 5
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 6
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 7
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 8
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 9
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 10
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 11
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 12
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 13
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 14
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 15
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 16
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 17
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 18
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 19
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 20
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 21
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 22
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 23
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 24
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 25
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 26
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 27
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 28
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 29
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 30
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 31
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 32
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 33
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 34
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 35
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 36
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 37
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 38
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Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 63
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - 64
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - Cover3
Pennsylvania Game News - August 2017 - Cover4
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