Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 63
The bald eagle decline was caused
mostly by bioaccumulation of
organochlorine pesticides, which
thinned eggshells that broke when
sat upon. Only when the pesticides
were banned did eagles and other
raptors slowly recover and increase
their numbers.
I spotted the last raptor of the
day at lunchtime, looking out our
kitchen window just in time to see
the blue-gray wings of a male kestrel as he landed on our electric line
near the barn. Unlike the other raptors
I heard and saw that day - turkey
vultures, red-tailed hawk, barred
owl and bald eagle, the robin-sized
kestrel, North America's smallest
falcon, is declining.
In Pennsylvania, the kestrel has
declined 17 percent between the first
and second breeding bird atlasing
periods. Some ornithologists have
found the remains of kestrels in
Cooper's hawk nests, which might
mean kestrels are becoming victims
of what some raptor ecologists call
"intraguild predation," or when small
raptors are eaten by large raptors.
Hawk Mountain Sanctuary studies
have concluded the possibility exists
in Pennsylvania.
West Nile virus, which has been
in Pennsylvania since 1999, has
affected many birds, including kestrels. At Hawk Mountain, 95 percent
of kestrels breeding in sanctuary nest
boxes have tested positive for West
Nile virus.
Other possibilities include insect
population declines and/or extreme
weather conditions, especially during
migration. Habitat loss due to increasMARCH 2020
ing urbanization, which is using up
more and more of the tree-bordered
farm fields kestrels prefer, also might
be contributing.
Scientists and volunteers interested in the welfare of these amazing
little raptors have launched studies
on all fronts and will likely discover,
as with most problems in the natural
world, that there are many mitigating
factors.
Even though I have found no
evidence of kestrels nesting on our
mountain for many years, we have
occasional males and females sitting
on our utility lines and diving after
insects and small rodents in First
Field as the little male was doing that
first true day of spring.
For the rest of the month, the
only other returning migrants were
phoebes and a male towhee. Most of
the days were cold and blustery and
March did go out like a slightly lessfierce lion.
63
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020
Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 3
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 4
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 5
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 6
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 7
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 8
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 9
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Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 15
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Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 19
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 20
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 21
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Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 25
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 26
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 27
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Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 60
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 61
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Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 63
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - 64
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - Cover3
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2020 - Cover4
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