Pennsylvania Game News - September 2021 - 61

By Marcia Bonta
L
AST SEPTEMBER, I encountered a
migrant songbird in our yard, meadow
or forest nearly every day.
As I walked up our driveway one day,
I spotted a warbler foraging in a black
walnut sapling, behind an old apple tree.
I noted its grayish back and head, faint
wingbars, yellow throat, breast and belly,
and faint streaking on its neck and breast.
Studying the fall warblers in Roger
Tory Peterson's Field Guide to Birds of
Eastern and Central America, I identified
the bird as an immature female prairie
warbler. Meanwhile, our birder son,
Mark, was out every morning at dawn,
hiking 8 miles up and down our property,
recording bird species and numbers as
he'd done during spring migration, when
he found 101 species one mid-May day.
In both spring and fall, migrant birds
visit our property to eat and rest for the
day because most songbird species -
sparrows, warblers, flycatchers, thrushes,
orioles, and cuckoos - migrate at night
when they are safer from predators, such
as day-flying raptors.
Migrant birds use Earth's magnetic
The
SEPTEMBER 2021
field to help them navigate, and researchers
recently discovered birds' eyes contain
a protein called cryptochrome, specifically
CRY4, that's sensitive to blue
light and lets them see in the dark.
Before birds
leave their breeding
grounds, they gorge on foods filled with
carbohydrates and lipids, such as berries
and other fruit, and store them as fat. For
instance, ruby-throated hummingbirds
double their weight in four days before
they embark on a 2,000-mile migration
to Mexico and Central America. Here in
Pennsylvania, most ruby-throated hummingbirds
are on their way from midAugust
to early September.
Migratory birds sleep while flying,
though sometimes not for long. Swainson's
thrushes sleep for nine seconds on
one side of their brain, then switch to
the other side for nine seconds, keeping
themselves half-awake to avoid predators
or midair collisions with other migrating
birds, researchers discovered.
Short calls birds give as they migrate
at night - most of which sound nothing
like their daytime calls - probably help
Mystery
Night
of
The wonder of nighttime bird migration
61

Pennsylvania Game News - September 2021

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Pennsylvania Game News - September 2021 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2021 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2021 - Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2021 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2021 - 3
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2021 - 4
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2021 - 5
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Pennsylvania Game News - September 2021 - Cover3
Pennsylvania Game News - September 2021 - Cover4
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