Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022 - 17

" What bald eagles showed all of us is
that we have way more bald eagle habitat
in the state than we thought, " Gross said.
" That was a big lesson. We didn't know
that. They taught us a lot. "
Perhaps goshawks will do something
similar, he said. That's not guaranteed;
Master said he's not aware of any place
" that's brought goshawks back. "
" I think we're in new territory here, "
Goodrich agreed.
But the fact there seems plenty of suitable
habitat - just empty of birds - " gives
us hope, " Gross said.
" Whatever it is that's holding them
back, if that changes, certainly they could
return, " Gross said.
It took 30 or 40 years of conservation
management to restore eagles, ospreys
and peregrine falcons and get them off the
state's endangered species list. Murphy
said no one can predict how long it might
take to bring goshawks back until the
problems facing them are more clearly
defined and the solutions for addressing
those challenges are launched.
But the time to act is now, Brinker said.
Otherwise, he believes goshawks could
disappear from Pennsylvania within 20
years.
" This is serious. It's not something
where we can sit on our hands here, "
Brinker said.
Murphy agreed. Listing goshawks as
endangered was an important first step,
but, he said, it's time to do more.
" With such a small number of birds, it's
hard to plant our flag and say we're going
to recover this bird, " Murphy said. " But
it's our responsibility to act and make a
statement and help this species. We've got
to show a long-term commitment to protecting
all species for all Pennsylvanians.
" So while this is a tough one, I'm
optimistic for recovery. "
MARCH 2022
THEN & NOW
No one would have predicted this decades ago.
The Pennsylvania Biological Survey's ornithological
technical committee is a volunteer group
made up of staff from the Game Commission and
other agencies, academics, representatives of nongovernmental
organizations and bird experts from
around the state. Its job is to examine various species,
especially those that might be in trouble, and
recommend protections if necessary.
It ultimately recommended a state-endangered
listing for northern goshawks, and the Game Commission
followed through.
But that took a decade's worth of study. That's
a reflection of how little goshawk research was
previously done in the eastern United States, and
the nature of the birds themselves.
" The amount of effort that went into this bird is
greater than usual, in part because of how secretive
the birds are, " said Terry Master, of the Pennsylvania
Biological Survey. " It took some time to get a grip
on what was happening with the species. They're
harder to gather data on, so it takes longer and it
has to be more directed and focused. "
Laurie Goodrich, of the Hawk Mountain Sanctuary
Association, agreed, noting that physically
looking for birds and/or nests and broadcasting
their calls to seek responses is " a huge endeavor. " It
takes a full day to investigate a site, and researchers
typically visit each twice.
The fact goshawks are considered worthy of
such effort reflects how times have changed.
Wildlife agencies across the country once paid
bounties to those who shot raptors, including
goshawks, in the name of protecting small-game
populations and farm livestock. The earliest bounties
in Pennsylvania date to the late 1800s.
Legislation creating the state's first hunting
license in 1913 even contained language requiring
the Game Commission to spend a part of those
proceeds on predator bounties. Goshawks were
worth 50 cents.
Even after bounties disappeared in the early
1950s, raptors were considered unprotected, meaning
people could kill them anytime, anywhere.
That's no longer the case. Wildlife managers
and hunters realize bounties did nothing to help
and often were harmful, allowing pest and rodent
populations to explode.
" We've changed as hunters, as conservationists,
and realized that bounties were misguided, "
said Dave Brinker, of the Allegheny National Forest
goshawk monitoring program. " Predators have
their place. "
17

Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022

Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022 - Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022 - 3
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022 - 4
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022 - 5
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022 - 6
Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022 - 7
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Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022 - 19
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Pennsylvania Game News - March 2022 - Cover4
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