Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - 11

them skills like foraging, fighting and
how to interact with other bears and other
wildlife.
Very young cubs may be more susceptible
to diseases and parasites like mange
than adult bears, simply because their
immune systems aren't fully developed,
Carrollo said.
" But overall, black bears both young
and old rarely die because of parasites or
diseases, " she added.
They face little in the way of predators,
either. Bigger bears, and bigger males
especially, Carrollo said, will kill cubs
occasionally, often to bring adult females
back into estrus. That's rare, though.
" Bear cubs rarely venture far from their
mothers and are excellent climbers, which
can remove them from most dangerous
situations, " she added.
Indeed, about 80% of cubs born each
year survive their first year of life. The
20% that don't often perish due to human
causes, with the annual bear harvest being
the main contributor.
Males and female cubs grow at about
the same pace - even " runts " catch up to
larger siblings fairly quickly - until the
midpoint of their third year of life. Then,
pregnancy becomes the separator. Carrying,
birthing and raising cubs is a huge
energy drain for females. That's why they
hit their max weight around 3 or 4 years
old, Carrollo said.
Males, by comparison, who perform
no parenting duties, just keep getting
bigger and bigger until about age 9.
That weight gain takes off in fall. Then,
Carrollo said, bears of all ages consume
upwards of 20,000 calories a day, focusing
in autumn on fruit and hard mast like
acorns, hickory nuts and beechnuts. That's
JUNE 2023
11

Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023

Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - Cover1
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - Cover2
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - Contents
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - 2
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - 3
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - 4
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - 5
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - 6
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - 7
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - 8
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Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - 11
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Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - Cover3
Pennsylvania Game News - June 2023 - Cover4
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