Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 26

F1 STREAMLINES FOR

CLOSER RACING

The Williams F1 team studied airflow over its car with the
2019-spec front wing using colored paint at this Hungaroring test in 2018.

In the downforce vs. turbulence battle, Formula 1 enacts technical changes to
rev up the on-track spectacle.

New rules
In response to these concerns, the Fédération Internationale de
l'Automobile is plotting a clean slate of new specifications for the
2021 season, aimed at improving the spectacle. But race fans are unhappy now, so the FIA has tweaked the rules for the upcoming season in a bid in increase the opportunity for cars to race nose-to-tail.
"The front wheels of an F1 car produce a very dirty wake and teams
naturally want to push it to the side to get nice, clean air flowing over
the rest of the car," explained Formula 1 chief technical officer Pat
Symonds. "They do this by producing specific vortices with the front
wings and brake ducts. If you look at the current front wings, there are
a lot of appendages and elements sitting on top of the wing. Each one
is designed to produce a vortex, to control that wake.
"Unfortunately, when you start pushing the front wheel wake out a
long way, you create a very wide area of low-energy air behind the
car, which reduces the downforce on the following car," he noted.
Starting at the front of the car, 2019 rules dictate a wider, 2,000mm (78.7-in.) front wing in place of the 1800-mm wing (70.8-in.)
wing used in 2018. The front edge of the wing also is moved forward
26 May 2019

25 mm (.98 in.), while the stack of winglets atop the
main plane is raised 20 mm (0.8 in.).
All of these changes are meant to help provide the
car aerodynamic downforce even when the in the degraded dirty air directly behind another car, letting the
pursuer closely follow the target car through a turn in
preparation for a pass on the ensuing straight.
The 2019 front-wing rules also ban the array of turning vanes seen atop 2018 wings that vector airflow
around the front tires. The vanes' purpose is drag reduction, but they also have the effect of disturbing the
air more for following cars. Eliminating them should let
pursuers follow more closely.
Beneath the front wing, 2018's row of five longitudinal
strakes is reduced to only two for 2019-also limiting the
wing's ability to steer the air away from the front tires.
The air intake ducts for the front brakes are smaller
for 2019. That's because the 2018 ducts were larger than
necessary for brake cooling. Their excess air diverted
through hollow "blown" axles that pushed airflow away
from the spinning wheel. That enabled drag to be reduced while disturbing the air for trailing cars, too.
And so it is for the barge board turning vanes ahead of
the sidepods. For 2019, these must be 150-mm (5.9-in.)
shorter, top to bottom, but are permitted to extend another 100-mm (4-in.) closer to the front wheels. This
reduces their ability to control airflow to the rear wheels.

Bringing up the rear
The rear wing is 100-mm wider, 20-mm taller and has
end plates that are 70-mm (2.7-in.) longer. The Drag
Reduction System (DRS) slot between the upper element and the main plane of the rear wing is 20 mm
larger, making it about 25% more effective in reducing
drag when the slot is open during passing opportunities
on high-speed straights. Pressure-equalizing slots in the
tops of the end plates are also eliminated for 2019.
The DRS has been criticized for creating "artificial"
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING

WILLIAMSF1

O

ngoing aerodynamic development of Formula 1 racecars
has the most obvious goals of increasing the cars' downforce and reducing their drag to produce the fastest
speeds and quickest lap times.
But there is another, perhaps cunning, reason behind the work being
conducted in wind tunnels and in computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
tools: to degrade the aerodynamic performance of competitors' cars
and their ability to benefit from slipstreaming. Some of this degradation is inevitable, of course-it's caused by the turbulent "dirty air" produced by a race car's wings, tires and underbody aerodynamics.
But when designers can find methods to make a car's wake less
advantageous to pursuers by reducing their cars' downforce, they
will do so-if it doesn't slow their own car.
Since the current generation of hybrid-electric Formula 1 cars debuted in 2012, the racing has been substantially processional, with
every championship won by Mercedes-AMG drivers. Fans have complained about this-and about the hybrid-electric cars' decidedly uninvigorating sound.

by Dan Carney



Automotive Engineering - May 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Automotive Engineering - May 2019

Automotive Engineering - May 2019
Contents
Editorial: Choking on the haze of California vs. the Feds
SAE Standards News
Supplier Eye
What We’re Driving
Technology Report
Road Ready
New platform, chic sheetmetal for tech-centric 2020 Range Rover Evoque
Lightweighting 2019
F1 streamlines for closer racing
Unlocking DfAM’s potential
Product Briefs
Reader Feedback
Companies Mentioned, Upcoming, Ad Index
Q&A
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Intro
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Automotive Engineering - May 2019
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Cover2
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Contents
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Editorial: Choking on the haze of California vs. the Feds
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 3
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - SAE Standards News
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Supplier Eye
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - What We’re Driving
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 7
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Technology Report
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 9
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 10
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 11
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 12
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 13
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Road Ready
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 15
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - New platform, chic sheetmetal for tech-centric 2020 Range Rover Evoque
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 17
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Lightweighting 2019
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 19
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 20
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 21
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 22
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 23
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 24
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 25
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - F1 streamlines for closer racing
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 27
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 28
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 29
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Unlocking DfAM’s potential
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 31
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 32
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 33
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Product Briefs
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 35
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 36
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - 37
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Reader Feedback
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Companies Mentioned, Upcoming, Ad Index
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Q&A
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Cover3
Automotive Engineering - May 2019 - Cover4
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