ENT - September 2020 - 545

Du et al

545
Table 1. Predicted Average Hue Values of Each Region.a
Region

pH Positive

Right arytenoid
4.26 + 0.85
Left arytenoid
4.68 + 0.82
Interarytenoid
5.59 + 0.76
Right false vocal fold 6.53 + 0.67
Left false vocal fold
6.95 + 0.75
Right true vocal fold 11.31 + 0.93
Left true vocal fold 10.89 + 0.95

pH Negative Control Group
5.88 +
6.95 +
6.99 +
10.03 +
10.54 +
13.43 +
13.67 +

0.87
0.84
0.78
0.69
0.77
0.95
0.98

7.70 + 0.50
8.84 + 0.48
9.26 + 0.45
11.05 + 0.39
11.42 + 0.44
17.41 + 0.54
17.08 + 0.56

a

Average + standard error (SE).

Figure 2. Laryngoscopic image in the color analysis tool interface
with laryngeal regions of interest outlined. (A) Right true vocal fold,
(B) left true vocal fold, (C) right false vocal fold, (D) left false vocal fold,
(E) right arytenoid, (F) left arytenoid, (G) interarytenoid.

Figure 4. Comparison of average hue values in the 7 regions of the
larynx. Region 1, right arytenoid; 2, left arytenoid; 3, interarytenoid; 4,
right false vocal fold; 5, left false vocal fold; 6, right vocal fold; 7, left
vocal fold.

Figure 3. A 2-D hue value wheel, indicating perceived color based on
red as 0 (image from Witt et al).

standardized around the red color to a scale ranging from À180
to 180 degrees. The pixels surrounded by the drawn boundaries
had their individual hue angles measured using the same algorithm described in Witt et al7, and an average hue of each
region was recorded.

Data and Statistical Analysis
To compare the average hue values of the 7 regions between
the 3 groups, we applied a repeated measures analysis. We then
obtained a curve describing the trend made by these 7 measurements. We also compared the hue values of regions for each
side of the larynx (both including interarytenoid region) to
obtain the trend of both sides. Then, we compared the trends
among the 3 groups to see if there were any significant
differences.

Figure 5. Comparison of the average hue values in the right side of
larynx of different groups. Region 1, right arytenoid; 2, interarytenoid;
3, right false vocal fold; 4, right vocal fold.

Results
From the 7 regions within the larynx, we obtained the hue
values of each region. In order to eliminate the systematic error,
we calculated the predicted values and their standard error
(shown in Table 1). Figures 4 through 6 show the plots of the



ENT - September 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of ENT - September 2020

The Creation of a Sustainable Otolaryngology Department in Malawi Nathan Douglas Vandjelovic, Eric Masao Sugihara, Wakisa Mulwafu, and David Nathan Madgy
Hazardous Grilling Due to Wire Brushes Nima A. Vahidi, Brenna A. Keane, Paul J. Whalen, and Anita Jeyakumar
Guns n’ Noses: Endoscopic Removal of an Air-Gun Pellet Retained in the Frontal Sinus Dylan A. Levy, Andrew Y. Lee, Waleed M. Abuzeid, and Nadeem A. Akbar
Vitamin D Status in Egyptian Children With Allergic Rhinitis Khaled Saad, Abobakr Abdelmoghny, Mohamed Diab Aboul-Khair, Yasser Farouk Abdel-Raheem, Eman Fathalla Gad, Ahmed El-Sayed Hammour, Bahaa Hawary, Asmaa M. Zahran, Mohamd A. Alblihed, and Amira Elhoufey
Pediatric Epistaxis and Its Correlation Between Air Pollutants in Beijing From 2014 to 2017 Ying-Xia Lu, Jie-Qiong Liang, Qing-Long Gu, Chong Pang, and Chun-Lei Huang
Otomycosis With Tympanic Membrane Perforation: A Review of the Literature Petros Koltsidopoulos and Charalampos Skoulakis
Simultaneous Bilateral Same-Day Endoscopic Myringoplasty Using Tragal Cartilage From One Ear Baklaci Deniz, Kuzucu Ihsan, Guler Ismail, Kum Rauf Oguzhan, and Ozcan Muge
A Preliminary Report on the Investigation of Prestin as a Biomarker for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Changling Sun, Xiaolin Xuan, Zhi Zhou, Yuan Yuan, and Fei Xue
A Retrospective Study to Identify the Relationship Between the Dimension of Osseous External Auditory Canal and Chronic Otitis Media Yi-Fang Lee, Pei-Yin Wei, Chia-Huei Chu, Wen-Huei Liao, An-Suey Shiao, and Mao-Che Wang
Investigation of the Effectiveness of Surgical Treatment on Respiratory Functions in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Burak Kersin, Murat Karaman, Engin Aynacı, and Ahmet Keles
Changing Trends of Color of Different Laryngeal Regions in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease Chen Du, Paige Thayer, Yan Yan, Qingsong Liu, Li Wang, and Jack Jiang
ENT - September 2020 - Intro
ENT - September 2020 - Cover1
ENT - September 2020 - Cover2
ENT - September 2020 - 489
ENT - September 2020 - 490
ENT - September 2020 - 491
ENT - September 2020 - 492
ENT - September 2020 - 493
ENT - September 2020 - 494
ENT - September 2020 - 495
ENT - September 2020 - 496
ENT - September 2020 - 497
ENT - September 2020 - 498
ENT - September 2020 - 499
ENT - September 2020 - 500
ENT - September 2020 - The Creation of a Sustainable Otolaryngology Department in Malawi Nathan Douglas Vandjelovic, Eric Masao Sugihara, Wakisa Mulwafu, and David Nathan Madgy
ENT - September 2020 - 502
ENT - September 2020 - Hazardous Grilling Due to Wire Brushes Nima A. Vahidi, Brenna A. Keane, Paul J. Whalen, and Anita Jeyakumar
ENT - September 2020 - 504
ENT - September 2020 - Guns n’ Noses: Endoscopic Removal of an Air-Gun Pellet Retained in the Frontal Sinus Dylan A. Levy, Andrew Y. Lee, Waleed M. Abuzeid, and Nadeem A. Akbar
ENT - September 2020 - 506
ENT - September 2020 - 507
ENT - September 2020 - Vitamin D Status in Egyptian Children With Allergic Rhinitis Khaled Saad, Abobakr Abdelmoghny, Mohamed Diab Aboul-Khair, Yasser Farouk Abdel-Raheem, Eman Fathalla Gad, Ahmed El-Sayed Hammour, Bahaa Hawary, Asmaa M. Zahran, Mohamd A. Alblihed, and Amira Elhoufey
ENT - September 2020 - 509
ENT - September 2020 - 510
ENT - September 2020 - 511
ENT - September 2020 - 512
ENT - September 2020 - Pediatric Epistaxis and Its Correlation Between Air Pollutants in Beijing From 2014 to 2017 Ying-Xia Lu, Jie-Qiong Liang, Qing-Long Gu, Chong Pang, and Chun-Lei Huang
ENT - September 2020 - 514
ENT - September 2020 - 515
ENT - September 2020 - 516
ENT - September 2020 - 517
ENT - September 2020 - Otomycosis With Tympanic Membrane Perforation: A Review of the Literature Petros Koltsidopoulos and Charalampos Skoulakis
ENT - September 2020 - 519
ENT - September 2020 - 520
ENT - September 2020 - 521
ENT - September 2020 - Simultaneous Bilateral Same-Day Endoscopic Myringoplasty Using Tragal Cartilage From One Ear Baklaci Deniz, Kuzucu Ihsan, Guler Ismail, Kum Rauf Oguzhan, and Ozcan Muge
ENT - September 2020 - 523
ENT - September 2020 - 524
ENT - September 2020 - 525
ENT - September 2020 - 526
ENT - September 2020 - 527
ENT - September 2020 - A Preliminary Report on the Investigation of Prestin as a Biomarker for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Changling Sun, Xiaolin Xuan, Zhi Zhou, Yuan Yuan, and Fei Xue
ENT - September 2020 - 529
ENT - September 2020 - 530
ENT - September 2020 - 531
ENT - September 2020 - A Retrospective Study to Identify the Relationship Between the Dimension of Osseous External Auditory Canal and Chronic Otitis Media Yi-Fang Lee, Pei-Yin Wei, Chia-Huei Chu, Wen-Huei Liao, An-Suey Shiao, and Mao-Che Wang
ENT - September 2020 - 533
ENT - September 2020 - 534
ENT - September 2020 - 535
ENT - September 2020 - 536
ENT - September 2020 - Investigation of the Effectiveness of Surgical Treatment on Respiratory Functions in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Burak Kersin, Murat Karaman, Engin Aynacı, and Ahmet Keles
ENT - September 2020 - 538
ENT - September 2020 - 539
ENT - September 2020 - 540
ENT - September 2020 - 541
ENT - September 2020 - 542
ENT - September 2020 - Changing Trends of Color of Different Laryngeal Regions in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease Chen Du, Paige Thayer, Yan Yan, Qingsong Liu, Li Wang, and Jack Jiang
ENT - September 2020 - 544
ENT - September 2020 - 545
ENT - September 2020 - 546
ENT - September 2020 - 547
ENT - September 2020 - 548
ENT - September 2020 - 549
ENT - September 2020 - 550
ENT - September 2020 - 551
ENT - September 2020 - 552
ENT - September 2020 - Cover3
ENT - September 2020 - Cover4
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