Hospital Pharmacy - September 2017 - 531

Davis et al
credentialing process. A 1- to 2-page document or a couple
of slides may be utilized for initial education. In addition to
educating upon hiring, newsletters and/or bulletins may
assist in education on an ongoing basis. At our facility, we
send out a quarterly bulletin via fax and e-mail which
contains a high-level overview of information the AMS
committee has developed. Additionally, a monthly newsletter focused on antimicrobial stewardship is developed by
the division infectious disease team and distributed.

Conclusion
AMS plays a key role in our hospital and community setting. There is no question of the importance of implementing strong AMS programs in the inpatient and outpatient
setting, for both improvement in patient outcomes and compliance with newer regulations. Pharmacists are uniquely
positioned to provide optimal patient care through rounding,
review of patients' chart, and contribute to the improvement
of AMS by working together with a multidisciplinary team.
These efforts may allow for the antimicrobial agents we
have to be effective now and into the future.
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect
to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Funding
The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

References
1. Alexander Fleming Speech. Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media.
https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming-lecture.pdf. Accessed May 5, 2017.
2. Dellit TH, Owens RC, McGowan JE Jr, et al. Infectious
Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare
Epidemiology of America guidelines for developing an institutional program to enhance antimicrobial stewardship. Clin
Infect Dis. 2007;44:159-177.
3. Barlam TF, Cosgrove SE, Abbo LM, et al. Executive summary:
implementing an Antibiotic Stewardship Program: guidelines
by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society
for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Clin Infect Dis.
2016;62(10):1197-1202.
4. Lawrence KL, Kollef MH. Antimicrobial stewardship in the
intensive care unit: advances and obstacles. Am J Respir Crit
Care Med. 2009;179:434-438.
5. Fishman N, Antimicrobial stewardship. Am J Med. 2006;
119(6A):S53-S61.
6. Drew RH. Antimicrobial stewardship programs: how to
start and steer a successful program. J Manag Care Pharm.
2009;15(suppl 2):S18-S23.

531
7. Yam P, Fales D, Jemison J, et al. Implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program in a rural hospital. Am J Health
Syst Pharm. 2012;69(13):1142-1148.
8. United States. Office of Science and Technology Policy. Report
to the President on combating antibiotic resistance. Washington,
DC: White House Office of Science & Technology. https://
obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/
ostp/PCAST/pcast_amr_sept_2014_final.pdf. Accessed July 5,
2017.
9. United States. The Presidential Advisory Council on combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. National Action Plan for
Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Washington, DC:
White House; March 2015. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/
default/files/docs/national_action_plan_for_combating_antibotic-resistant_bacteria.pdf.
10. Perez KK, Olsen RJ, Musick WL, et al. Integrating rapid
pathogen identification and antimicrobial stewardship significantly decreases hospital costs. Arch Pathol Lab Med.
2013;137(9):1247-1254.
11. Bauer KA, West JE, Balada-Llasat JM, et al. An antimicrobial
stewardship program's impact with rapid polymerase chain
reaction methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus/S. aureus
blood culture test in patients with S. aureus bacteremia. Clin
Infect Dis. 2010;51(9):1074-1080.
12. Huang AM, Newton D, Kunapuli A, et al. Impact of rapid
organism identification via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight combined with antimicrobial stewardship team intervention in adult patients with
bacteremia and candidemia. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(9):
1237-1245.
13. Banerjee R, Teng CB, Cunningham SA, et al. Randomized
trial of rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based blood
culture identification and susceptibility testing. Clin Infect Dis.
2015;61(7):1071-1080.
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Checklist for
Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs.
http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/healthcare/pdfs/checklist.pdf.
Accessed February 2016.
15. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare
Organizations.
Antimicrobial
Stewardship
Standard
MM.09.01.01. Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for
Hospitals: the Official Handbook. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: The
Joint Commission Resources; 2017.
16. Ibraham OM, Polk RE. Benchmarking to improve stewardship
outcomes methodology, opportunities, and challenges. Infect
Dis Clin N Am. 2014;28:195-214.
17. MacDougall C, Polk RE. Antimicrobial stewardship programs in health care systems. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18(4):
638-656.
18. Kim SH, Kim KH, Kim HB, et al. Outcome of vancomycin treatment in patients with methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents
Chemother. 2008;52:192-197.
19. Schweizer ML, Furuno JP, Harris AD, et al. Comparative
effectiveness of nafcillin or cefazolin versus vancomycin in
methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:279.

https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/PCAST/pcast_amr_sept_2014_final.pdf https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/PCAST/pcast_amr_sept_2014_final.pdf https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/PCAST/pcast_amr_sept_2014_final.pdf https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/national_action_plan_for_combating_antibotic-resistant_bacteria.pdf https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/national_action_plan_for_combating_antibotic-resistant_bacteria.pdf https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/national_action_plan_for_combating_antibotic-resistant_bacteria.pdf http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/healthcare/pdfs/checklist.pdf http://www.Nobelprize.org https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming-lecture.pdf https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/fleming-lecture.pdf

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Hospital Pharmacy - September 2017